本文選題：中國　切入點：氣候談判　出處：《北京外國語大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：當今世界,氣候變化已經成為人類所面臨的共同問題,它具有跨國性、影響程度深、影響范圍廣的特點。氣候問題涉及到各個國家的政治、經濟、社會等各方面的利益,關系到我們共同家園的安危,因此,共同應對全球氣候變化帶來的不利影響,拯救我們賴以生存的家園,就成了國際社會的共識。 1979年第一屆世界氣候大會召開,國際社會開始關注全球氣候問題,并在以后的會議中先后達成了《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》和《京都議定書》等里程碑式的國際協(xié)議,這些協(xié)議為后續(xù)氣候會議奠定了基礎原則。2005年《京都議定書》正式生效,國際社會步入了后京都時代。 一方面,由于《京都議定書》中只規(guī)定了發(fā)達國家的減排任務,并沒有為發(fā)展中國家制定減排目標,這就引起了以美國為首的發(fā)達國家的強烈不滿。另一方面,近些年中國經濟發(fā)展迅速,實力不斷增長。但是由于國內的能源利用率低下,能源結構不合理,造成溫室氣體排放量的不斷增長。中國逐漸超過美國成為第一大溫室氣體排放國。在這種情況下,國際社會要求中國承擔減排義務的呼聲也在不斷增強。 正是基于這樣的背景,本文分析了后京都時代中國面臨的減排問題以及中國的應對。主要分為引言、正文、結語三個部分。 第一章主要討論了不同階段的減排問題,包括減排問題的提出階段、《京都議定書》為代表的階段,以及包括后京都時代涉及到減排問題。 第二章,主要討論中國面臨的減排問題。首先,責任與減排比例問題,誰應該為氣候變化承擔責任,以及承擔的比例是多少；其次,中國面臨的減排壓力；再次,中國面臨的合作困境。 第三章主要分析了后京都時代面對減排問題中國的對策。主要有堅持維護,推動談判；加深觀念,建立機制；加深拓寬雙邊多邊合作等。 第四章為結論部分,認為中國應該抓住機遇,維護好發(fā)展空間的同時制定減排目標,承擔國際責任。
[Abstract]:In today's world, climate change has become a common problem facing mankind. It has the characteristics of transnational, deep impact and wide range of influence. The climate problem involves the political, economic, social and other interests of various countries. Therefore, it is the consensus of the international community to jointly deal with the adverse effects of global climate change and save the homes on which we live. In 1979, when the first World Climate Conference was held, the international community began to pay close attention to the global climate problem, and in the subsequent meetings, they successively reached landmark international agreements such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change and the Kyoto Protocol. These agreements laid the foundation for the follow-up climate conference. In 2005, the Kyoto Protocol entered into force, and the international community entered into the post-Kyoto era. On the one hand, because the Kyoto Protocol only stipulates the emission reduction tasks of developed countries and does not set emission reduction targets for developing countries, this has aroused strong dissatisfaction among the developed countries led by the United States. On the other hand, In recent years, China's economy has developed rapidly and its strength has been growing. However, due to the low domestic energy efficiency, the energy structure is unreasonable. China is gradually overtaking the United States as the largest emitter of greenhouse gases. International calls for China's commitment to reduce emissions are also growing. Based on this background, this paper analyzes the emission reduction problems faced by China in the post-Kyoto era and China's response. It is mainly divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The first chapter mainly discusses the emission reduction in different stages, including the proposed stage of emission reduction, the stage represented by the Kyoto Protocol, and the post-Kyoto era, which involves the issue of emission reduction. The second chapter mainly discusses the issue of emission reduction in China. First, the problem of responsibility and emission reduction ratio, who should be responsible for climate change, and how much; secondly, China is faced with the pressure to reduce emissions; again, The difficulties China faces in cooperation. The third chapter mainly analyzes the countermeasures of China facing the problem of emission reduction in the post-Kyoto era, which mainly includes insisting on maintenance, promoting negotiation, deepening the concept, establishing mechanism, deepening bilateral and multilateral cooperation, and so on. Chapter 4th is the conclusion that China should seize the opportunity, maintain the space for development and set emission reduction targets and undertake international responsibilities.
【學位授予單位】：北京外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X321

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