本文選題：語(yǔ)言　切入點(diǎn)：美國(guó)　出處：《寧夏大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：語(yǔ)言是社會(huì)的粘合劑,是文化的基礎(chǔ)；語(yǔ)言同時(shí)又是“軟國(guó)力”的核心,是綜合國(guó)力的一個(gè)重要方面。自古以來(lái),語(yǔ)言文字問(wèn)題始終關(guān)系到國(guó)家和民族的主權(quán),關(guān)系到公民的人權(quán)。語(yǔ)言政策是國(guó)家社會(huì)生活中的一件大事,是解決語(yǔ)言矛盾的需要。 美國(guó)是典型的多民族、多語(yǔ)言、多文化、多宗教、多人口的國(guó)家,向來(lái)有“民族之國(guó)”之稱(chēng)。作為文化的“大熔爐”,美國(guó)是一個(gè)多意識(shí)形態(tài)的國(guó)家,當(dāng)兩種完全不同的文化或意識(shí)形態(tài)相遇時(shí),沖突會(huì)以各種形式出現(xiàn)。作為交流方式和武器的語(yǔ)言便是其中之一。語(yǔ)言與人類(lèi)生活息息相關(guān),是文化的核心,因此語(yǔ)言武器是歷史上所有統(tǒng)治者最有力的統(tǒng)治方式。幾乎每一個(gè)政體都意識(shí)到了語(yǔ)言政策在維護(hù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)一與發(fā)展中的重要作用。 自1958年美國(guó)開(kāi)始制定明確的國(guó)家外語(yǔ)政策以來(lái),其外語(yǔ)政策就與國(guó)家安全密切相關(guān)�！�9·11”事件使美國(guó)認(rèn)識(shí)到“語(yǔ)言武器’’的重要性,美國(guó)政府開(kāi)始重視以滿(mǎn)足國(guó)家政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、外交、軍事的需求,尤其是從國(guó)家安全的角度來(lái)制定國(guó)家的外語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言政策,并于新世紀(jì)伊始頒布和制定了一系列與國(guó)家安全有關(guān)、旨在提高國(guó)家外語(yǔ)能力的政策和法案。 經(jīng)濟(jì)的全球化為語(yǔ)言文化走向世界帶來(lái)了契機(jī)與挑戰(zhàn),語(yǔ)言政策與語(yǔ)言戰(zhàn)略成為了國(guó)家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的有機(jī)組成部分。利用語(yǔ)言維護(hù)國(guó)家安全,努力提升文化軟實(shí)力具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。參照美國(guó)的外語(yǔ)政策的國(guó)家安全目標(biāo),反思我國(guó)的外語(yǔ)政策,可以發(fā)現(xiàn),我國(guó)外語(yǔ)政策幾乎沒(méi)有明確的國(guó)家安全目標(biāo)。因此,基于美國(guó)外語(yǔ)政策的啟示,我們應(yīng)該構(gòu)建符合我國(guó)國(guó)家安全需要的外語(yǔ)戰(zhàn)略。 本論文首先從國(guó)家安全的視角分析了20世紀(jì)50年代后期到20世紀(jì)末以及“9·11”后這兩個(gè)時(shí)期美國(guó)的外語(yǔ)政策。基于對(duì)美國(guó)外語(yǔ)政策的分析,從外語(yǔ)政策的國(guó)家安全目標(biāo)方面分析了對(duì)中國(guó)外語(yǔ)政策的啟示。在制定外語(yǔ)政策中,應(yīng)該考慮外語(yǔ)政策的國(guó)防安全層面、外交與國(guó)際交往安全層面、對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)安全層面。
[Abstract]:Language is the glue of society and the foundation of culture; language is at the same time the core of "soft national power" and an important aspect of comprehensive national strength. Language policy is a major event in national social life and a need to solve language contradiction. The United States is a typical multi-ethnic, multilingual, multicultural, multi-religious, and multi-population country. It has always been known as the "nation of nations." as a "melting pot" of culture, the United States is a country of many ideologies. When two completely different cultures or ideologies meet, conflicts occur in various forms. Language, as a means of communication and as a weapon, is one of them. Language is closely related to human life and is the core of culture. Therefore, language weapon is the most powerful way of ruling all rulers in history. Almost every polity has realized the important role of language policy in maintaining national unity and development. Since 1958, when the United States began to formulate a clear national foreign language policy, its foreign language policy has been closely related to national security. The "9 路11" incident made the United States realize the importance of "language weapons," and the United States government began to attach importance to satisfying the national politics and economy. Foreign and military needs, especially from the perspective of national security, to formulate a national foreign language policy, and at the beginning of the new century promulgated and formulated a series of national security related policies and acts aimed at improving the national foreign language ability. The globalization of economy has brought opportunities and challenges for language and culture to go to the world. Language policy and language strategy have become an organic part of the national development strategy. It is of great strategic significance to strive to enhance the soft power of culture. Referring to the national security objectives of the foreign language policy of the United States and reflecting on our foreign language policy, we can find that there is almost no clear national security goal in our foreign language policy. Based on the enlightenment of American foreign language policy, we should construct a foreign language strategy that meets the needs of China's national security. From the perspective of national security, this thesis first analyzes the foreign language policies of the United States from late 1950s to the end of 20th century and after 9 / 11, based on the analysis of American foreign language policies. This paper analyzes the enlightenment to China's foreign language policy from the aspect of the national security goal of foreign language policy. In the formulation of foreign language policy, we should consider the foreign language policy's national defense security level, foreign affairs and international communication security level, foreign trade and economic security level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H31

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