本文選題：少數(shù)民族　切入點(diǎn)：政治參與　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的多民族國家，政府為促進(jìn)少數(shù)民族政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等各項(xiàng)事業(yè)的全面發(fā)展，制定了一系列民族政策，主要包括堅(jiān)持民族平等團(tuán)結(jié)、民族區(qū)域自治、發(fā)展少數(shù)民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)文化事業(yè)等。在政治領(lǐng)域，提高少數(shù)民族地區(qū)政治參與水平的深度和廣度，完善基層民主政治制度是關(guān)乎少數(shù)民族群眾切身利益的重要內(nèi)容。 結(jié)合多種觀點(diǎn)，我們認(rèn)為，政治參與是指社會(huì)普通民眾通過合法合理的途徑參與到各類政治決策中，借以行使其政治權(quán)利、表達(dá)政治意愿的一種政治行為。少數(shù)民族政治參與即是政治參與者身份為少數(shù)民族的一種政治參與行為。少數(shù)民族政治參與是我國民主政治的一大組成部分，既是各個(gè)少數(shù)民族平等擁有的權(quán)利，也是多民族國家政治生活有序運(yùn)行的基礎(chǔ)。 我國的少數(shù)民族政治參與包括兩個(gè)方面：一是各少數(shù)民族積極參與本民族或民族社會(huì)的政治事務(wù)；二是各少數(shù)民族積極參與國家政治生活。具體表現(xiàn)在國家政治體制、地方政府運(yùn)作和社區(qū)政治生活三個(gè)層面。在國家政治體制方面，少數(shù)民族群眾通過參加各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)來完成政治參與行為；在地方政府運(yùn)作方面，主要通過政府在少數(shù)民族聚居區(qū)設(shè)立少數(shù)民族自治地方來實(shí)現(xiàn)；在社區(qū)政治生活方面，則靠少數(shù)民族群眾參與村民自治活動(dòng)的效能來衡量。少數(shù)民族群眾參與各種形式的政治活動(dòng)效能好壞，不僅會(huì)影響到少數(shù)民族自身的發(fā)展，還對我國的政治穩(wěn)定、社會(huì)穩(wěn)定有重大意義。 到目前為止，我國少數(shù)民族政治參與成效顯著，這可以從歷年來少數(shù)民族參與全國人民代表大會(huì)的人數(shù)比例、民族自治地方的數(shù)量和范圍、村民自治制度的完善等方面看出來。但也存在不少問題，尤其是在少數(shù)民族欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)，群眾的民主意識(shí)還很淡薄，自覺參與民主管理的能力還很低，基層民主制度的建設(shè)還未完善等等。 從影響我國少數(shù)民族政治參與的幾大因素經(jīng)濟(jì)條件、政治機(jī)制、民族文化和心理、宗教信仰這幾方面分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，少數(shù)民族經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的低下會(huì)直接影響其受教育權(quán)利的實(shí)現(xiàn)，進(jìn)而在很大程度上影響其政治覺悟的提高以及當(dāng)?shù)卣螜C(jī)制的運(yùn)作。而民族文化、傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣和宗教信仰等，都會(huì)在不同程度上影響少數(shù)民族政治參與的熱情。 我們以少數(shù)民族某地方為研究對象，，對當(dāng)?shù)卮迕裾螀⑴c的真實(shí)情況作了詳細(xì)調(diào)查和分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分少數(shù)民族群眾可以通過制度化的參與手段自主參與各項(xiàng)政治活動(dòng)，但也發(fā)現(xiàn)一些不規(guī)范行為。因此，我們提出了一些加強(qiáng)我國基層民主政治建設(shè)的具體對策。一是要大力發(fā)展少數(shù)民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)，改變少數(shù)民族群眾經(jīng)濟(jì)落后的面貌。二是要大力發(fā)展少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的科教文衛(wèi)事業(yè)，提高少數(shù)民族地區(qū)人民素質(zhì)，增強(qiáng)他們的政治覺悟。三是要完善政治民主，杜絕損害少數(shù)民族利益情況的出現(xiàn)。四是要完善政府職能，最大限度發(fā)揮各級(jí)政府的效能，保障少數(shù)民族政治權(quán)益。五是要建立國家和少數(shù)民族間的有效溝通，防止民族沖突的出現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:China is a unified multi-ethnic country, government economy to promote minority political, cultural, all-round development of various undertakings, formulated a series of national policies, including upholding equality and unity among ethnic groups, ethnic regional autonomy, the economic and cultural development in ethnic minority areas. In the political field, improve the national minority area political the level of participation in the breadth and depth and improve the grass-roots democratic political system is an important content related to the vital interests of the masses of ethnic minorities.
Combined with a variety of view, we believe that political participation refers to the social common people by means of legitimate participation in all kinds of political decisions, to exercise their political rights, a political behavior political expression. The political participation of ethnic minorities is the political identity of the participants for minority participation in a national minority political participation politics. Is a major component of China's democratic politics, not all ethnic equality rights, which is the basis of national political life and orderly operation.
China's minority political participation includes two aspects: one is the minority nationalities participate in the nationality or national society of political affairs; two is the minority nationalities to actively participate in the political life of the country. The specific performance in the national political system, local government operations and community political life in three aspects. In terms of the national political system. The minority people to complete the political participation behavior by taking part in the people's congresses at all levels of local government; in the operation, mainly by the government in the ethnic minority autonomous region set up a place to achieve; in the community of political life by ethnic minority people involved in Villager Autonomy performance to measure the quality of political activities. The effectiveness of the minority people participate in various forms, not only affects the development of the minority itself, but also to the political stability of our country, have great significance for social stability Righteousness.
So far, China's political participation of ethnic minorities has achieved remarkable results, this can be seen from the number of minority nationalities to participate in the National People's Congress over the years, the proportion of the number and scope of the national autonomous areas, improve aspects of the villager autonomy system to see. But there are also many problems, especially in the minority underdeveloped areas, the masses democratic consciousness is very weak, the ability to consciously participate in the democratic management is still very low, the construction of grass-roots democratic system is not perfect and so on.
From several factors of economic conditions, the impact of China's minority political participation and political mechanism, national culture and psychological aspects of religious belief, this analysis, we found that the low level of minority economy will directly affect the realization of the right to education, and then influence the political consciousness and the improvement of the operation mechanism in local politics extent. And the national culture, traditions and religious beliefs, will affect the enthusiasm of the political participation of ethnic minorities in different extent.
We use a local minority as the research object, the real situation of the local villagers' political participation has made a detailed investigation and analysis, found that most of the minority people through institutional participation means independent participation in various political activities, but also found some irregularities. Therefore, we put forward some specific measures to strengthen the construction of democratic politics I primary. One is to develop the economy in ethnic regions, change the economic backwardness of minority people. The two is to develop education and health undertakings in the minority areas, minority areas to improve the quality of people, enhance their political consciousness. The three is to improve the political democracy, to prevent damage of minority interests the four is to improve government functions, to maximize the effectiveness of all levels of government, to protect the political rights of minority people. The five is to establish national and less Effective communication among ethnic groups to prevent the emergence of ethnic conflicts.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D633

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