本文選題：元明清　切入點(diǎn)：土司制度　出處：《四川師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文以烏撒土司為中心,探討歷史時(shí)期中央王朝與西南少數(shù)民族地區(qū)地方勢力的關(guān)系。中央王朝于元明清時(shí)期在西南邊疆地區(qū)大規(guī)模推行土司制度,中央王朝對(duì)西南邊疆少數(shù)民族土司的管理政策與當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)展的進(jìn)程有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。亦由此成為歷代中央王朝高度重視且必須直面正視的現(xiàn)實(shí)政治問題,也是關(guān)系到王朝興衰存亡的重大問題。從元代初創(chuàng)土司制度起,明代和清代基本在西南邊疆少數(shù)民族地區(qū)沿襲了這一地方治理模式。土司制度在當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)成為王朝行政體系中重要的一部分,在當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史條件下,對(duì)于中央王朝穩(wěn)固西南邊疆地區(qū)的統(tǒng)治,起到了積極的作用。烏撒土司是元明清時(shí)期西南邊疆少數(shù)民族地區(qū)占據(jù)一方的大土司,在西南地區(qū)有很大的勢力影響。烏撒土司地處云貴川三省的交界處,地理位置十分重要,先后隸屬云南行省、四川行省和貴州行省。烏撒故地,遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)期為古滇國區(qū)域,戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期為古夜郎國中心區(qū)域,蜀漢時(shí)屬于朱提郡管轄,唐代后屬羈縻州寶州,宋代設(shè)羈縻州烏撒部,元朝置烏撒路、烏撒烏蒙宣慰司、烏撒土知府、烏撒軍民府,正式被朝廷封為土司,明代設(shè)置烏撒衛(wèi),加強(qiáng)對(duì)烏撒地區(qū)的管理和控制,清代康熙年間進(jìn)行改土歸流,置威寧府、威寧州。本文期望通過對(duì)烏撒土司與中央王朝政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化及其相關(guān)問題的進(jìn)一步探討,加深中央王朝對(duì)烏撒土司在不同時(shí)期關(guān)系發(fā)展的認(rèn)識(shí)。并從烏撒土司地區(qū)民族關(guān)系的處理和民族之間的交融影響等方面,考察烏撒土司作為鎮(zhèn)守一方的大土司,在處理民族和安撫一方之間關(guān)系的實(shí)際作用及歷史本相。深化對(duì)中央王朝在土司發(fā)展中起到的重要作用與歷史影響做出解讀和認(rèn)知。全文除緒論與結(jié)語外,分為五部分。第一部分,簡單闡述了烏撒土司從起源、發(fā)展到影響一地的土司的形成過程,以及烏撒土司所在地的考古發(fā)掘情況,說明烏撒土司的歷史淵源。第二部分,闡述了在元王朝統(tǒng)治之下,烏撒宣慰司的設(shè)置過程和元朝的民族政策及治理方式,總結(jié)了元王朝與烏撒土司的經(jīng)濟(jì)往來和當(dāng)時(shí)的元王朝與烏撒土司的關(guān)系特點(diǎn)。第三部分,從明代經(jīng)略西南和烏撒隸屬關(guān)系的變更,分析明代烏撒土司得以高速發(fā)展的原因,結(jié)合其關(guān)系特點(diǎn),分析當(dāng)時(shí)的賦稅與朝貢對(duì)于烏撒的影響。第四部分,重點(diǎn)介紹烏撒土司改土歸流的情況,通過分析當(dāng)時(shí)民族關(guān)系的特點(diǎn),來分析清代改土歸流成功的原因。第五部分,考察烏撒地區(qū)當(dāng)?shù)嘏c周邊土司的少數(shù)民族之間的關(guān)系情況,來說明烏撒土司作為一方大土司,對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)孛褡尻P(guān)系的處理合理性。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the relationship between the central dynasty and the local forces in the southwest minority areas during the historical period. The central dynasty carried out the Tusi system on a large scale in the southwest frontier area during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. The management policy of the central dynasty to the minority nationalities in the southwest border area was inextricably linked with the process of local development, which became a realistic and political problem that the central dynasties attached great importance to and must face squarely. It is also a major issue related to the rise and fall of the dynasty. From the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the Tusi system, The Ming and Qing dynasties basically followed this pattern of local governance in the ethnic minority areas of the southwest frontier. At that time, the Tusi system had become an important part of the dynasty's administrative system, and under the historical conditions at that time, It played an active role in stabilizing the rule of the southwest frontier area by the central dynasty. Usadusa was the big toast that occupied one side of the minority areas in the southwest frontier during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Wusa Tusa is located at the junction of Yungui and Guichuan provinces, and its geographical position is very important. It is subordinate to Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province and Guizhou Province successively. The warring States period is the central region of the ancient Yilang country, Shu Han belongs to the jurisdiction of Juti County, after the Tang Dynasty belongs to the Jimi state of Baozhou, the Song Dynasty set up the Jimi state of Uzza, the Yuan Dynasty set up the Ursa Road, the Uzza Umong Xuan Shu Department, the Uzza Tuzhi House, the Uzza military-civilian residence, Officially designated as a toast by the imperial court, Wusavi was set up in the Ming Dynasty to strengthen the management and control of the Uzza region. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to flow back to the land, and the Weining House and the Weining Prefecture were set up. This article looks forward to the reform of the politics and economy of the Usadusa and the Central Dynasty through the reform of the capital. The further exploration of culture and its related problems, the deepening of the central dynasty's understanding of the development of Usadusa's relations in different periods, and from the aspects of the handling of ethnic relations and the influence of ethnic blending in the Usadusi region, The study of the great toast of Uzzatsu, which was the guardian of the town, In dealing with the actual role and historical reality of the relationship between the nation and the appeasing side, and deepening the interpretation and cognition of the important role and historical influence played by the Central Dynasty in the development of the Tusi, the full text, in addition to the introduction and conclusion, It is divided into five parts. In the first part, the author briefly expounds the forming process of Usadusa from its origin, development to influence on a place, and the archaeological excavations of its location, and explains the historical origin of Usadusa. The second part, This paper expounds the process of setting up and the ethnic policy and governance of the Yuan Dynasty under the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, and summarizes the economic exchanges between the Yuan Dynasty and the Usadusa, and the characteristics of the relationship between the Yuan Dynasty and the Usadusi at that time. Part three, From the change of the subordinate relationship between the southwest and Uzza in the Ming Dynasty, this paper analyzes the reasons for the rapid development of the Usadusa in the Ming Dynasty, and analyzes the influence of taxes and tributaries on Uzza at that time. Part 4th, combined with the characteristics of the relationship, By analyzing the characteristics of the ethnic relations at that time, the paper analyzes the reasons for the success of the reform in the Qing Dynasty. In part 5th, the author investigates the relationship between the local areas and the ethnic minorities in the surrounding areas of Uzza. To explain Uzzatsu as one of the big toast, the handling of local ethnic relations is reasonable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K29

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