本文選題：布干維爾島　切入點(diǎn)：分離主義運(yùn)動(dòng)　出處：《聊城大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：布干維爾島目前是巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“巴新”)境內(nèi)唯一的自治區(qū),也是距離巴新中央政府最遙遠(yuǎn)的省份。在20世紀(jì)60-70年代,正值太平洋地區(qū)非殖民化運(yùn)動(dòng)快速推進(jìn)的時(shí)期,巴新卻面臨著國(guó)家分裂的威脅,爆發(fā)了布干維爾分離主義運(yùn)動(dòng)。此次分離危機(jī)成為了太平洋地區(qū)自二戰(zhàn)以來(lái)死亡人數(shù)最多、最血腥、最具破壞性的暴力沖突。布干維爾島內(nèi)的的分離主義運(yùn)動(dòng)主要分為三大階段。第一階段是分離主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的開(kāi)端階段(20世紀(jì)50年代—80年代):在這一階段,由于政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等多方面因素的影響,布干維爾地區(qū)分離主義開(kāi)始抬頭,主要通過(guò)和平抗議、靜坐等手段來(lái)要求巴新政府正視布干維爾要求分離的立場(chǎng),基本上還處于可控階段。第二階段是暴力沖突的階段(20世紀(jì)80年代末—90年代末):在這一階段,布干維爾地區(qū)陷入混亂局面,巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞政府與布干維爾革命軍之間開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)暴力交火。后來(lái)布干維爾革命軍內(nèi)部逐漸產(chǎn)生分化,分化出來(lái)的布干維爾抵抗軍開(kāi)始與巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞政府軍合作,使布干維爾地區(qū)與巴新大陸的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)轉(zhuǎn)換為布干維爾地區(qū)的內(nèi)部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)了近十年的時(shí)間,后來(lái)雙方都疲于作戰(zhàn),在澳大利亞、新西蘭等周邊國(guó)家及聯(lián)合國(guó)的協(xié)助之下,終于交戰(zhàn)各方達(dá)成�；饏f(xié)議,持續(xù)多年的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)最終告一段落。第三階段是重回和平軌道階段(20世紀(jì)90年代末—21世紀(jì)初):在這一階段,布干維爾分離危機(jī)開(kāi)始走向和平階段,最終在2001年簽署了《布干維爾和平協(xié)議》,布干維爾和平問(wèn)題得到了階段性解決。布干維爾島在歷史上深受殖民勢(shì)力的影響,即使是在1975年巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞獲得國(guó)家獨(dú)立之后,該地區(qū)仍然沒(méi)有擺脫遭受殘余殖民勢(shì)力掠奪的命運(yùn)。由于布干維爾島與巴新大陸無(wú)論是在地理位置上還是在文化傳統(tǒng)上,甚至是在膚色上都有明顯差異,未來(lái)雙方必定還會(huì)在諸多問(wèn)題上產(chǎn)生矛盾,如何使雙方在保持和平的前提下解決矛盾和問(wèn)題,都值得深入思考。
[Abstract]:Bougainville is currently in Papua New Guinea (hereinafter referred to as "PNG") within the territory of the autonomous region only, but also from the central government of Papua New Guinea the most distant provinces. In twentieth Century 60-70, the decolonization movement period of rapid advance in the Pacific region, Papua New Guinea is facing the threat of secession, the outbreak of the Bougainville separatist movement. The separation has become a crisis the number of deaths in the Pacific since World War II, the bloodiest and most destructive violence of Bougainville island. The separatist movement is mainly divided into three stages. The first stage is the beginning stage of the separatist movement (1950s - 80s): at this stage, because of the political, economic, cultural and other factors the Bougainville separatist region, began to rise, mainly through peaceful protest, meditation and other means to ask the government of Papua New Guinea is As the separation position requirements of Bougainville, basically is still in control. The second stage is the stage of violent conflict stage (late 1980s late 90s): at this stage, Bougainville region into chaos, between the government of Papua New Guinea and the Bougainville revolutionary army began fighting violence. Later within the Bougainville revolutionary army has the effect of differentiation, differentiation. The Bougainville Resistance Army began to cooperate with the government in Papua New Guinea, the Bougainville region and mainland war into Bougainville Papua New Guinea area internal war. The war lasted nearly ten years later, both sides are struggling to fight, in Australia, New Zealand and other neighboring countries and under the assistance of the United Nations, the warring parties finally reached a ceasefire agreement for years, the war finally came to an end. The third stage is to return to the track stage (20 world peace At the end of 90s and early twenty-first Century period): at this stage, the separation of Bougainville crisis began to peace, finally signed a peace agreement in 2001 on < >, the problem has been solved the Bougainville peace stage. In the history of Bougainville by the colonial power, even achieved independence in 1975, Papua NEW Guinea, the region still not get rid of suffering remnants of the colonial plundering fate. Since Bougainville and Papua New Guinea, either geographically or culturally, even there are obvious differences in color, the future of the two sides will surely on many issues contradiction, how the two sides to resolve the contradictions and problems in the premise of maintaining peace, all it is worth to think deeply.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：聊城大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K613

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本文編號(hào)：1568222