本文關(guān)鍵詞： 21世紀(jì) 越南 政治體制 改革　出處：《聊城大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1986年開始的革新開放,正式開啟了越南政治體制改革的步伐。三十年來,越南頂住了來自國內(nèi)國外各方面的壓力,堅持了社會主義道路,并將政治革新引向深化。特別是進(jìn)入21世紀(jì),推動改革的動力和壓力不斷積聚,在政治方面,改革派和保守派取得了一定共識,以農(nóng)德孟為代表的年輕技術(shù)官員取得了黨政主導(dǎo)權(quán);在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面,市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展促進(jìn)了社會的進(jìn)步,提高了中產(chǎn)階級的政治訴求,同時高度集中的政治體制對市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的束縛越來越明顯;在社會方面,社會分化持續(xù)發(fā)展,腐敗勢頭繼續(xù)蔓延,特別是民族問題也在一定條件下開始激化,舊有的政治體制越來越難以適應(yīng)社會的發(fā)展;在國際環(huán)境方面,隨著越南融入世界市場,以自由貿(mào)易為主要特征的國際經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)則對越南的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)體制提出了更多的挑戰(zhàn),美國等西方國家進(jìn)行“和平演變”的圖謀依然繼續(xù),越南面臨的國際環(huán)境喜憂參半,同時,周邊國家政治制度的變化為越南提供了更多的借鑒和參考。面對這些新情況,越南共產(chǎn)黨以驚人的魄力,加快了政治體制改革的步伐。在黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制方面,不斷強(qiáng)化集體領(lǐng)導(dǎo),推行以直接選舉和差額競爭為主要特征的黨內(nèi)民主;在國會改革方面,進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大差額比例,并強(qiáng)化了國會對行政權(quán)力的制約;在行政改革方面,進(jìn)一步壓縮政府機(jī)構(gòu),減少行政權(quán)力對經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會的干預(yù);在司法改革方面,盡可能保證司法獨(dú)立審判,并適當(dāng)減輕刑罰;在社會改革方面,放松新聞管制,推行基層民主。經(jīng)過10多年的奮斗和努力,越南的經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)保持了充分的活力,社會主義民主政治建設(shè)也取得了很大突破,特別是人民群眾對政治的參與度越來越高,人民當(dāng)家作主的權(quán)力得到了有效保障。越南的改革是對完善社會主義制度的有益嘗試,它表明,在后發(fā)現(xiàn)代化國家,通過政治制度的巧妙設(shè)計,建立復(fù)雜的監(jiān)督和制衡機(jī)制,不斷擴(kuò)大人民群眾的政治參與,可以在保持一黨長期執(zhí)政的前提下,推行社會主義民主制度,有效保障人民群眾的基本權(quán)利。此外,它也表明在社會主義國家進(jìn)行政治體制改革,必須要保持政治與經(jīng)濟(jì)的協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn),妥善處理好改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系,要以黨內(nèi)民主帶動政治民主,以落實(shí)代議制作為改革的重要突破口,這對世界其他社會主義國家的政治發(fā)展具有很好的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:The reform and opening up began in 1986, the official opening of the Vietnamese political reform. In thirty years, Vietnam has withstood the pressure from various aspects at home and abroad, adhere to the socialist road, and will deepen political reform. Especially in twenty-first Century, to promote the reform of the dynamic force and pressure continue to accumulate in the political aspect, the reformers and conservatives achieved some consensus, young technocrats represented by Nondman made the Party leadership; in the economy, the development of market economy and promoting social progress, improve the political aspirations of the middle class, and the highly centralized political system is bound to the market economy more obvious; in terms of society, society the differentiation of sustainable development, corruption momentum continues to spread, especially ethnic problems also emerged under certain conditions, the old political system is more and more difficult to adapt to social development; in The international environment, with Vietnam into the world market, presents more challenges to Vietnam's political and economic system of international economic rules of free trade as the main feature of the United States and other western countries "peaceful evolution" to continue, international environment facing Vietnam mixed, at the same time, changes in the political system of neighboring countries to provide more reference for Vietnam. Facing the new situation, the Communist Party of Vietnam with amazing courage, speed up the pace of political reform in the leadership system of the party, strengthen the collective leadership, Democratic Party to direct election and the difference of competition as the main feature; in parliamentary reform, to further expand the ratio of the difference and strengthen the Congress to restrict the administrative power; in administrative reforms, further reduce government agencies, reduce administrative intervention to economy and society; In judicial reform, as far as possible to ensure the judicial independence of the judiciary, and appropriate to reduce the penalty; in social reform, relax regulation and implementation of democracy at the grassroots level. After 10 years of struggle and hard work, Vietnam's economy continues to maintain a full of vitality, the construction of socialist democratic politics has made great breakthrough, especially the people in politics the participation of more and more high, the power of people in power have been effectively protected. Vietnam is a useful attempt to reform and improve the socialist system, it is shown that in the modern state, through the ingenious design of the political system, the establishment of the complex mechanism of supervision and balance, expanding the people's political participation, which can maintain under the premise of a long-term ruling party, the implementation of the socialist democratic system, effectively protect the basic rights of the people. In addition, it also shows that the socialist countries in the administrative agency in 娌諱綋鍒舵敼闈，

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