本文關鍵詞： 墨子 天志 鬼神　出處：《東北師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：墨子及其所建立的學派,在先秦與儒家并為顯學,地位顯赫�！疤熘尽�、“明鬼”是墨子思想的重要部分,為墨家體系中不可缺失的一環(huán)。墨子將尊天事鬼作為其推行政治方針的手段,用大篇章來論證天以及鬼神的真實存在、權威地位。墨子是典型的務實型學者,追求現(xiàn)實的利益,但卻將自家學派的終極保障上歸于“天志”、“明鬼”這一看似虛無的存在。學者們對于墨子的這一做法也多有敘述研究,本文將視角聚焦在墨子這一尊天事鬼思想形成的原因及其過程上。本文在緒論部分主要為墨子“天志”“明鬼”研究的回顧、現(xiàn)狀與展望,論述這一題目的主要意義。正文第一部分：敘述天、鬼、神觀念的緣起,由于人們認知水平的局限,天、鬼、神的作用被人為的夸大了很多,并且自古就有著將其作為統(tǒng)治政治手段的傳統(tǒng)�！疤烀钡挠^點在西周時期影響廣泛,治國要以德、求民主,這與國家運勢有著密切關聯(lián)。崇尚鬼神的現(xiàn)象在各階層都廣為顯現(xiàn),天、鬼、神也被人們普遍接受。在這種情形之下,墨子的鬼神思想便順理成章生成。正文第二部分：講解墨子選擇“天志”“明鬼”作為維護其學說與所處時代之關聯(lián)。當時正是一個新舊交替,方生未死的大變革時期。如此大變革就為各種思想的形成營造了自由空間。政治經濟的發(fā)展引起階級成份變更,戰(zhàn)爭頻發(fā)。絕地天通的打破以及怨天尤人思想的興起,導致人們思想上混亂。而墨子深受鄒魯之地的文化影響,認識到可以利用鬼神去發(fā)揮威懾作用。正文第三部分：墨學體系中“天志”“明鬼”形成的必要性。重點談尊天事鬼、墨子想要借此達到的目的以及該思想在墨家十論中的地位與作用。最后,談墨家思想不可回避儒家的影響,“非儒”雖然是墨家鮮明提出的思想之一,但儒墨在鬼神方面又有很多一致處。本文按照先將鬼神思想放置于歷史長河之中,闡述墨子所處時代的背景,論證墨家體系的構造這一順序,從大時空到時代背景,來論述墨子此種思想的形成過程。
[Abstract]:Mozi and his school of thought, in the pre-Qin Dynasty and the Confucian school, had a prominent position. "Heaven Zhi", "Ming Ghost" was an important part of Mozi's thought. Mozi regards deference to heaven and ghosts as a means of carrying out political policy, and uses a large chapter to prove the true existence of heaven and ghosts and ghosts and gods, as well as its authoritative status. Mozi is a typical pragmatic scholar who pursues the interests of reality. However, they attribute the ultimate guarantee of their school to the seemingly nihilistic existence of "Heaven Zhi" and "Ming Ghost". Scholars also have a lot of narrative research on Mozi's practice. This paper focuses on the reason and process of Mozi's thought of deference and ghost. In the introduction part, it mainly focuses on the retrospect, present situation and prospect of the study of "Tianzhi" and "Ming Ghost" in the introduction part of this paper. The main meaning of this topic is discussed. The first part of the text describes the origin of the concept of Heaven, Ghost and God. Due to the limitation of people's cognitive level, the role of Heaven, Ghost and God has been artificially exaggerated. Since ancient times, there has been a tradition of using it as a political means of ruling. The idea of "destiny" had a wide influence in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The idea of governing the country by virtue and seeking democracy was closely related to the national fortune. The phenomenon of advocating ghosts and gods was widely displayed in all strata. God, ghosts, God is also widely accepted. In this case, Mozi's thoughts on ghosts and gods were naturally formed. The second part of the text: the second part of the text: the explanation of Mozi's choice of "Tianzhi" and "Ming Ghost" as the maintenance of his theory and the relevance of the times. At that time, it was a turn between the old and the new. Fang Sheng's undead period of great change. Such a great change has created a free space for the formation of various ideas. The development of political economy has caused changes in class composition, frequent wars, the breakup of Jedi Tientong, and the rise of the idea of complaining about people. Mozi, deeply influenced by Zou Lu's culture, realized that ghosts and gods could be used to play a deterrent role. The third part of the text: the necessity of the formation of "Tianzhi" and "Ming Ghost" in the Mohism system. The purpose that Mozi wants to achieve and the position and function of this thought in Mohism's Ten theories. Finally, on the influence of Confucianism, "non-Confucianism" is one of the distinct ideas put forward by Mohist school. But Confucianism and Mohist have a lot of consistency in the aspect of ghosts and deities. According to the idea of ghosts and gods placed in the long history of history, this paper expounds the background of Mozi's era, and demonstrates the order of the structure of Mohist system, from big time to space to the background of the times. To expound the forming process of Mozi's thought.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：B224

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本文編號：1531875