本文關(guān)鍵詞： 俄羅斯 中亞國家 直接投資 研究　出處：《新疆師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式的轉(zhuǎn)變、外匯儲備的不斷增多、出口結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和對外投資能力的提高，近年來對外投資規(guī)模逐漸擴(kuò)大，質(zhì)量提高。但投資目標(biāo)地和投資領(lǐng)域依然不合理，主要集中特定區(qū)域的特定領(lǐng)域。 中國長期以來出口為導(dǎo)向的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式使得內(nèi)需受到一定的抑制，使得中國經(jīng)濟(jì)受更多的國外市場需求萎縮的影響，加大了中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的波動性。仍然堅(jiān)持通過利用外資引進(jìn)外國先進(jìn)技術(shù)戰(zhàn)略導(dǎo)致了過分依賴外國技術(shù)，限制了中國的自主創(chuàng)新能力的培養(yǎng)。目前在中國，出口導(dǎo)向性的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式面臨較大的挑戰(zhàn)，加大對外投資力度，擴(kuò)大對外投資規(guī)模是合理的選擇。同時需要調(diào)整對外投資的區(qū)域、領(lǐng)域和方式結(jié)構(gòu)。 目前雖然中亞各國的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模、市場容量并不大，購買力水平較低，投資環(huán)境待改善，但是如果以中亞為基地，拓展高加索、俄羅斯和東歐，將是相當(dāng)大的市場。從中亞各國引進(jìn)外資的現(xiàn)狀來看，主要是歐美發(fā)達(dá)國家控制了中亞的投資市場，歐美特定國家投資于特定中亞國家的特定領(lǐng)域，已經(jīng)形成了明顯的壟斷。這加劇了大國在中亞的博弈，也影響了中國在中亞包括經(jīng)濟(jì)利益在內(nèi)的國家利益。同時俄羅斯的利益也受到了影響。這種背景下，中俄是競爭者，，也是合作者。 俄羅斯與中亞各國在歷史、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等方面，關(guān)系非常密切。中亞各國在國家安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、教育方面仍然依賴俄羅斯，所以俄羅斯是中亞國家的首選合作對象。隨著俄羅斯國力逐漸恢復(fù),以能源為手段振興大國地位,實(shí)現(xiàn)國家復(fù)興，中亞國家作為俄羅斯“后院”的地位更加突出。 本文主要是俄羅斯對哈薩克斯坦、烏茲別克斯坦、吉爾吉斯坦、土庫曼斯坦和塔吉克斯坦等中亞國家直接投資的規(guī)模、區(qū)域和領(lǐng)域分布現(xiàn)狀，俄羅斯對中亞各國直接投資的特點(diǎn)，俄羅斯對中亞各國直接投資方式比較，對中國的借鑒和啟示等方面進(jìn)行了分析和研究，并作出相應(yīng)的結(jié)論。 本文認(rèn)為俄羅斯對中亞的直接投資主要集中在采礦業(yè)、教育、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生和社會服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域。隨著綜合國力加強(qiáng)和對外戰(zhàn)略的變化及調(diào)整，俄羅斯將會進(jìn)一步加大對中亞各國投資力度。中國對中亞對外直接投資主要集中在采礦業(yè)、建筑業(yè)等領(lǐng)域。隨著其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的轉(zhuǎn)變與對外投資的不斷擴(kuò)大，對中亞各國的投資也明顯增加。與此同時，在中亞世界主要投資國間的激烈競爭將會加劇。其中，中俄的競爭更加凸顯。因此，中國對中亞各國對外直接投資路徑選擇時必須考慮俄羅斯因素。
[Abstract]:With the change of our country's economic growth mode, the increase of foreign exchange reserves, the adjustment of export structure and the improvement of foreign investment capacity, the scale of foreign investment has gradually expanded in recent years. However, investment targets and investment areas are still unreasonable, mainly focusing on specific areas of a specific region. For a long time, China's export-oriented economic development model has restrained domestic demand to a certain extent, and caused China's economy to be affected by the shrinking demand in more foreign markets. It has increased the volatility of China's economy. Still insisting on the strategy of introducing foreign advanced technology through the use of foreign capital has led to excessive reliance on foreign technology and limited the cultivation of China's independent innovation capability. The export-oriented economic development model is facing a great challenge. It is a reasonable choice to increase the intensity of foreign investment and expand the scale of foreign investment. At the same time, it is necessary to adjust the regional, field and mode structure of foreign investment. At present, although the economies of the Central Asian countries are not large, their market capacity is small, their purchasing power is low, and the investment environment needs to be improved, if they are based in Central Asia and expand into the Caucasus, Russia and Eastern Europe, It will be a very large market. Judging from the current situation of the introduction of foreign capital by Central Asian countries, it is mainly the developed countries in Europe and the United States that control the investment market in Central Asia, and the specific countries in Europe and the United States invest in specific areas of the specific Central Asian countries. There has been a clear monopoly. This has intensified the game between major powers in Central Asia, and also affected China's national interests in Central Asia, including economic interests. At the same time, Russia's interests have also been affected. In this context, China and Russia are competitors. He is also a collaborator. Russia has very close ties with the Central Asian countries in the fields of history, politics, economy, culture, etc. The Central Asian countries still rely on Russia in terms of national security, economy, politics, and education. Therefore, Russia is the preferred cooperation object for Central Asian countries. With the gradual restoration of Russia's national strength, the status of Central Asian countries as Russia's "backyard" has become even more prominent as energy is used as a means to revitalize its status as a big country and realize its national rejuvenation. This paper is mainly about the scale, regional and field distribution of Russian direct investment in Central Asian countries such as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. The characteristics of Russian direct investment in Central Asian countries, the comparison of Russian direct investment modes in Central Asian countries, the reference and inspiration to China are analyzed and studied, and the corresponding conclusions are drawn. This paper holds that Russia's direct investment in Central Asia is mainly concentrated in the fields of mining, education, medical and health care and social services. With the strengthening of comprehensive national strength and the changes and adjustments in foreign strategies, Russia will further increase its investment in Central Asian countries. China's foreign direct investment in Central Asia is mainly concentrated in mining, construction and other fields. With the transformation of its economic development mode and the continuous expansion of foreign investment, Investment in Central Asian countries has also increased significantly. At the same time, fierce competition among the world's major investors in Central Asia will intensify. Among them, the competition between China and Russia is even more prominent. Therefore, China must consider the Russian factor when choosing the path of foreign direct investment to Central Asian countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F835.12

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