本文關(guān)鍵詞： 評價(jià)理論 國情咨文 語篇分析　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“國情咨文”是美國總統(tǒng)按照美國慣例每年年初向國會發(fā)表的年度報(bào)告。國情咨文亦可稱為美國政府的施政綱領(lǐng)，主要闡明美國總統(tǒng)每年面臨的國內(nèi)外情況以及政府將要采取的政策措施。本研究以Martin等人的評價(jià)理論為理論依據(jù)，以美國國情咨文為語料，旨在探析國情咨文中不同評價(jià)資源的分布狀況及其原因。 由馬丁等學(xué)者創(chuàng)建的評價(jià)理論，是在系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上對人際意義的新發(fā)展。它研究的是語言使用者通過語言來傳遞對他人及事物的態(tài)度，表明態(tài)度的來源和所涉及的情感強(qiáng)度。評價(jià)理論包括三個(gè)子系統(tǒng)：態(tài)度、介入和級差。態(tài)度是說話者對描述對象(人、事物和事件)所持有的態(tài)度,是評價(jià)理論的核心；介入反映的是說話者參與話語的方式和程度；級差則是用來表述態(tài)度強(qiáng)弱的等級。評價(jià)理論一直被廣泛應(yīng)用于各種類型的語篇分析，如新聞、廣告、政治演講等。然而，評價(jià)理論對國情咨文的評價(jià)研究仍頗為少見。 本論文以評價(jià)理論為研究支撐，以從http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/sou.php中收集的15篇國情咨文為語料，運(yùn)用定性、定量分析相結(jié)合的研究方法，旨在探析和揭示國情咨文中評價(jià)資源的不同分布狀況及其原因。 通過例證分析和論證討論，本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，，在態(tài)度系統(tǒng)中，鑒賞資源(58.55%)使用最頻繁，所占比例最大，主要用于對政府計(jì)劃以及政府改革方案等的評價(jià)。判斷資源(29.52%)居于第二位，主要用于強(qiáng)調(diào)美國人的共同價(jià)值觀，也一般用于對有助于建立美國與其他國家外交關(guān)系的行為的評價(jià)。情感資源(11.93%)所占比例最少，一般用來評價(jià)美國總統(tǒng)對解決政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事和外交等問題的迫切心理。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在15篇國情咨文中，出現(xiàn)的大多數(shù)態(tài)度資源都是積極的。 而在介入系統(tǒng)中，與自言資源相比，借言資源使用得更頻繁。在出現(xiàn)的所有借言資源中，情態(tài)(72.09%)所占比例最大。更多情態(tài)資源的使用可以引入不同的聲音，增加了國情咨文的客觀性。讓步(20.85%)所占比例居于第二位，投射(7.06%)是使用比例最少的。通過使用讓步及投射手段，聽眾能夠更容易地接受說話者的觀點(diǎn)。此外，從級差系統(tǒng)看，語勢資源(98.14%)比聚焦資源(1.86%)使用地更頻繁。而且級差資源的使用能夠強(qiáng)化說話者的觀點(diǎn)和確保國情咨文的客觀性。 本研究認(rèn)為，運(yùn)用評價(jià)理論對國情咨文進(jìn)行分析具有重要的理論及現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。一方面，國情咨文的評價(jià)性研究拓寬了評價(jià)理論的研究領(lǐng)域，為國情咨文語篇分析提供一個(gè)新的研究視角；另一方面，該研究不僅有助于英語學(xué)習(xí)者了解國情咨文語篇的語言特點(diǎn)、風(fēng)格及美國的社會文化，同時(shí)也有助于學(xué)習(xí)者更透徹地理解政治語篇，學(xué)會如何利用評價(jià)手段更好地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，進(jìn)而豐富評價(jià)理論的實(shí)踐作用。另外，希望該研究成果對語言教學(xué)有啟示意義，為政治語篇的漢英互譯提供一定的借鑒與參考。
[Abstract]:The State of the Union address is the annual report of the President of the United States to Congress at the beginning of each year, in accordance with United States practice. The State of the Union address is also called the policy agenda of the United States Government. This study is based on the evaluation theory of Martin et al. and the State of the Union address of the United States of America. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the distribution of different evaluation resources in the State of the Union address and its causes. The evaluation theory, which was founded by Martin and other scholars, is a new development of interpersonal meaning based on systemic functional linguistics. It studies language users' attitudes towards others and things through language. The evaluation theory includes three subsystems: attitude, intervention and level difference. Attitude is the attitude of the speaker to describe the object (people, things and events). Is the core of evaluation theory; Intervention reflects the manner and extent of the speaker's participation in the discourse; Evaluation theory has been widely used in various types of discourse analysis, such as news, advertising, political speeches and so on. Evaluation theory of the State of the Union address evaluation research is still quite rare. This thesis is based on the evaluation theory and the 15 State of the Union addresses collected from http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/sou.php. The purpose of this paper is to explore and reveal the different distribution and reasons of evaluation resources in the State of the Union address by means of qualitative and quantitative analysis. Through case analysis and argumentation discussion, this study found that in the attitude system, appreciation resources (58.55) are used most frequently and account for the largest proportion. It is mainly used to evaluate the government plan and the government reform plan. The judgment resource is the second most important. It is mainly used to emphasize the common values of the Americans. It is also used to evaluate the behavior that contributes to the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and other countries. The proportion of emotional resources is the lowest, and that of the President of the United States is generally used to evaluate the political and economic aspects of the settlement. The urgency of military and diplomatic issues. The study also found that in 15 State of the Union addresses, most of the attitude resources that emerged were positive. In the intervention system, compared with the self-speaking resources, the loanwords resources are used more frequently. The use of more modal resources can introduce different voices and increase the objectivity of the State of the Union address. By using concessions and projection, the audience can more easily accept the speaker's point of view. In addition, from the perspective of the differential system. Moreover, the use of graded resources can strengthen the speaker's viewpoint and ensure the objectivity of the State of the Union address. This study believes that the use of evaluation theory to analyze the State of the Union address has important theoretical and practical significance. On the one hand, the evaluation of the State of the Union address research broadened the research field of evaluation theory. It provides a new perspective for discourse analysis in State of the Union address. On the other hand, this study not only helps English learners understand the language characteristics, styles and social culture of the State of the Union, but also helps learners to understand political discourse more thoroughly. Learn how to use evaluation means to better express their views and attitudes, and then enrich the practical role of evaluation theory. In addition, I hope that the results of this study have implications for language teaching. It provides some reference for the translation of political texts from Chinese to English.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H315

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