本文關鍵詞： 國際發(fā)展援助 英國 非洲 英國外交　出處：《北京外國語大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本文研究了自布萊爾新工黨政府以來英國對非援助政策的演變。國際發(fā)展援助是國際政治經濟學中的一個重要課題,也是當今世界各國外交政策中的重要一環(huán)。援助國出于各種理由和目的,例如對政治經濟和文化利益的追求、對大國戰(zhàn)略的考慮以及對國際援助章程的響應等,制定對外援助政策,對受援國提供一定的人力、物力和財力援助,從而對受援國的發(fā)展起一定影響。目前,現實主義理論在這一領域占主導地位,本文的研究也基于這一理論范式,對英國對非援助的原因、目的、政策變化做一系列的分析。在傳統的現實主義理論支撐下,本文還力圖分析英國不同政黨間國際援助政策的延續(xù)性,具體闡述卡梅倫在國際金融危機后外援資金不減反增的內部和外部因素,就援非對于英國的意義依據其實踐的最新發(fā)展作出新評價。英國對外援助政策自布萊爾時期以來經歷了一系列的改革和變化,而在卡梅倫時期得到了延續(xù)和進一步發(fā)展。這一延續(xù)和發(fā)展,雖然表面看起來與英國保守黨一貫的外援政策取向相左,但從實質上看體現了英國外援政策的延續(xù)性,以及冷戰(zhàn)之后英國追求國家利益、彰顯大國地位的考量。除了這些延續(xù)性,這兩個時期對非援助同樣也有一些調整變化。英國對外援助政策變化主要受到四個因素的影響:與受援國的歷史聯系,國際社會對外援助政策變化,政治領導的個人傾向,以及對國家利益的追求。英國對非援助與英非關系的歷史息息相關。歷史上,英國對非洲援助是英國對非洲實行殖民統治過程中的副產品。而非洲殖民者地獨立后,英聯邦繼續(xù)成為維系英國和前殖民地國家的政治紐帶,英聯邦成員國也繼續(xù)接受英國的對外援助。而國際援助計劃的制定,如聯合國千年計劃,則對布萊爾及之后的英國政府的對外援助對象和援助形式的選擇產生了影響。基于千年計劃框架,英國對于非英聯邦國家的非洲貧困地區(qū)增加了援助額,同時取消了大部分的綁定援助項目。作為英國對外政策的重要一環(huán),英國對非援助的意義對于英國和受援國都十分深遠。作為援助國,英國通過對外援助保持其國際影響力,繼續(xù)追求其在國際發(fā)展事務中的領導作用,增強自身文化軟實力的輸出,保持與受援國的商貿關系。而受援國通過接受英國的援助,在基礎設施、衛(wèi)生等領域得到了或多或少的改善,并且能更好地度過突發(fā)性疾病等危機。但在其它方面,如解決當地動亂,除維和手段,英國也和其余的西方援助國一樣,存在對受援國的內政實行過度干預的傾向。而這樣的干預往往達不到預期的效果。本文第一部分是導言,指出了本研究的選題意義、國際對外援助的一些基本理論概念、相關研究狀況以及本文的創(chuàng)新所在。第二部分對英國對非援助的歷史做簡要回顧,更好地了解布萊爾改革前的英國對外援助政策。第三部分和第四部分則分別分析了布萊爾時期和卡梅倫執(zhí)政之后的改革和變化,對于英國國際發(fā)展部的創(chuàng)立,千年計劃和911襲擊后的國際環(huán)境,以及卡梅倫對工黨外援政策的繼承和變革做了相關分析。第五部分則將英國國際發(fā)展援助按目的分為三類:發(fā)展援助、維護當地秩序,以及突發(fā)性危機援助,并分別結合案例做分析。最后的第六部分作為結論,通過總結英國布萊爾時期以來對非援助政策的變化及其相關影響因素,并結合英國脫歐公投這一重大變局帶來的影響,對英國對外援助將面臨的挑戰(zhàn)及影響因素做出前瞻性的預測。
[Abstract]:This paper studies from Blair's New Labour government in Britain since the non aid policy. The evolution of international development assistance is an important topic in the international political economics, but also in today's foreign policy in the world an important part of the country. Aid for various reasons and purposes, such as the political economic and cultural interests of the pursuit of power strategy the articles of Association for international assistance and response. The formulation of foreign aid policy, provide manpower to the recipient, material and financial assistance to the recipient of the development effect. At present, realism theory occupies the dominant position in this field, this study is based on the theory of paradigm. The reason, the British aid to Africa, policy changes do a series of analysis. In the traditional realism theory, this paper tries to analyze the different parties of international aid policy Continuity, Cameron specifically addressed in the international financial crisis after foreign aid does not reduce the internal and external factors increased, will aid in the UK based on the latest development of the practical significance of making new evaluation. Britain's foreign aid policy has experienced reform and a series of changes since the days of Blair has been a continuation and further development in the Cameron period. The continuation and development, although the surface looks with the British Conservative Party's foreign aid policy at odds, but essentially reflects the continuity of British foreign aid policy, and after the cold war the British pursuit of national interests, highlighting the power status of consideration. In addition to these continuity, this period of two aid also has some changes. The British foreign aid policy change is mainly affected by four factors: the historical connection with the recipient of foreign aid policy of international society Political leadership, personal preference, and the pursuit of national interests. The British aid to Africa and the history of the relationship between Chinese and English are closely related. The history of British aid to Africa is the by-product of British colonial rule in the process of Africa and Africa. The colonist after independence, the Commonwealth to become the maintenance of Britain and former colonial countries the political ties, a member of the Commonwealth will continue to accept the British foreign aid and international aid plan, such as the United Nations millennium plan for Blair and the British government's foreign aid and assistance in the form of choice was influenced. The millennium plan based on the framework for non British Commonwealth countries increase the amount of aid to poor areas of Africa, but canceled the most binding aid project. As an important part of British foreign policy, the significance of British aid to Africa for the UK and the recipient Chinese are very far-reaching. As donor countries, Britain through foreign aid to maintain its international influence, continue to pursue its leading role in the development of international affairs, enhance its output of cultural soft power, to maintain trade relations with the recipient. The recipient and by accepting British aid, in infrastructure, health and other fields has been more or less improved, and better able to survive the crisis of sudden illness. But in other aspects, such as solving the local unrest, in addition to peacekeeping means, Britain and the rest of the western donors, is the recipient of the implementation of internal affairs. And this tendency of excessive intervention intervention often failed to achieve the desired results in the first. Part is the introduction, pointed out the significance of this research, the international foreign aid of some of the basic theoretical concepts, research status and innovation of this article. The second part of the United Kingdom to aid Help to do a brief review of history, a better understanding of the British foreign aid policy Blair before the reform. The third part and the fourth part were analyzed after Blair period and Cameron's reform and change, for the creation of the UK Department for international development, the millennium plan and the 911 attack by the international environment, and Cameron of the Labor Party foreign aid policy the inheritance and change of the correlation analysis. The fifth part is to the British international development assistance according to divided into three categories: development assistance, maintenance of local social order, and the sudden crisis aid, and were combined with case analysis. The sixth part finally as a conclusion, through the summary of Blair since the period of British aid to Africa and its policy change the related factors, and combined with the influence of the British off the European referendum this major change brings the challenge and impact on British foreign aid will face factors make A forward-looking forecast.

【學位授予單位】：北京外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D856.1

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