本文關(guān)鍵詞：四川省長壽縣農(nóng)村普選運動研究（1953-1954）　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：人民代表大會制度是我國的根本政治制度。新中國成立初期由于條件尚不成熟,中共政權(quán)沒有立即實行用普選方式產(chǎn)生的人民代表大會制度。經(jīng)過三年的努力,新中國的政治、經(jīng)濟和社會面貌發(fā)生了巨大的變化,各項工作逐漸步入正軌,社會的組織程度和人民的思想覺悟水平有了大幅提高。因此,1953年中共決定在全國范圍內(nèi)開展普選運動以建立人民代表大會制度。四川省長壽縣委在響應(yīng)中共中央的號召下結(jié)合其農(nóng)村的社會環(huán)境積極展開了普選運動�？v觀四川省長壽縣農(nóng)村的普選運動,其主要的工作步驟分為以下幾個環(huán)節(jié):普選前的準(zhǔn)備工作、宣傳動員、選民資格審查、代表候選人提名、投票選舉。四川省長壽縣積極部署普選前的各項準(zhǔn)備工作。一是設(shè)立選舉委員會。積極負責(zé)和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長壽縣農(nóng)村的普選運動,使其有計劃、有步驟的展開。二是訓(xùn)練和調(diào)配普選工作干部。干部是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)群眾生產(chǎn)建設(shè)與掌握農(nóng)村政權(quán)的骨干,加強干部的培訓(xùn)與調(diào)配有助于建立一支素質(zhì)過硬的工作隊伍,以推進普選工作的順利展開。三是開展典型試驗工作。典型試驗工作是各項工作全面展開的基礎(chǔ),以葛蘭鄉(xiāng)為重點的試辦對象有助于為全面推進普選工作提供豐富的實踐經(jīng)驗。隨著普選運動在長壽縣的全面推進,長壽縣選舉委員會領(lǐng)導(dǎo)各區(qū)鄉(xiāng)做好各個工作環(huán)節(jié):開展普選前的宣傳動員。注意充分利用各個區(qū)鄉(xiāng)的黨團支部、人民團體的帶領(lǐng)作用召開各種會議交代政策,運用形式豐富的宣傳手段實現(xiàn)民眾認知的轉(zhuǎn)變,為普選運動的全面推進打下堅實基礎(chǔ);進行選民資格的審查。鑒別民眾的階級成分與確立選民的政治身份是保證不錯誤剝奪任何一個選民的選舉權(quán),也不讓一個反革命分子竊取選舉權(quán)的關(guān)鍵,在這步工作中通過事前摸底、事后討論和小組討論,進一步明確了民眾在新中國的政治身份;提名和協(xié)商代表候選人。能否選出黨和人民所需的、滿意的人民代表,其關(guān)鍵在于能否提出必要的代表候選人,通過黨團、人民團體以及選民小組討論和醞釀代表候選人,長壽縣選委根據(jù)中央精神和地方實際情況堅持必要性、滿意性和思想堅定性原則,以保證選出的代表是黨與人民所必需的;召開選舉大會,實行投票選舉。這步工作是長壽縣農(nóng)村普選運動的最后一個環(huán)節(jié),伴隨著投票選舉的進行,選民在選舉前、中、后的心態(tài)與行為也呈現(xiàn)出多重面向,究其原因在于各種利益的博弈。通過對各個工作環(huán)節(jié)的探究和分析,四川省長壽縣農(nóng)村的普選運動對我國當(dāng)前的基層民主選舉有著十分重要的現(xiàn)實借鑒和價值啟迪,具體體現(xiàn)在以下幾方面:一是要始終堅持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),充分發(fā)揮黨掌控全局的作用;二是要培養(yǎng)和提升民眾的民主意識,動員群眾積極參與選舉;三是要進一步擴大候選人的資格與范圍,最大程度的保證人民代表的廣泛性與代表性。四是要適當(dāng)引入競爭機制,促進良性競爭。
[Abstract]:The people's Congress system is the fundamental political system of our country. At the beginning of the founding of New China, because of the immature conditions, the Chinese Communist regime did not immediately implement the people's Congress system elected by universal suffrage. Great changes have taken place in the political, economic and social aspects of the people's Republic of China. As a result, the level of social organization and the level of people's ideological awareness have been greatly improved. In 1953, the CPC decided to launch a nationwide campaign for universal suffrage in order to establish the system of people's congresses. In response to the call of the CPC Central Committee, the Sichuan Longevity County Party Committee actively launched the campaign of universal suffrage in the light of the social environment in its rural areas. A general election campaign in the countryside of Changshou County, Sichuan Province. The main steps of its work are as follows: preparatory work before the general election, publicity and mobilization, voter qualification examination and nomination of candidates for the deputies. Voting election. Changshou County, Sichuan Province, actively deploy the preparations before universal suffrage. First, set up an election committee to actively take charge of and lead the general election movement in Changshou County's rural areas, so that it has a plan. The second is to train and deploy the cadres who work by universal suffrage. Cadres are the backbone of leading the masses in production and building up and mastering the rural political power, and strengthening the training and deployment of cadres will help to establish a work force with excellent quality. In order to promote the smooth development of the work of universal suffrage, the third is to carry out typical test work. Typical test work is the basis for all the work to be carried out in an all-round way. The pilot project with Ge Lan township as the focus will help to provide rich practical experience for the overall promotion of universal suffrage. With the general election movement in Changshou County. The Changshou County Election Commission has led each district and township to do a good job in various work links: conducting propaganda and mobilization before the general election; paying full attention to making full use of the Party and League branches of all districts and townships; and holding various meetings and policies under the leadership of the people's organizations. The use of a rich form of propaganda means to achieve the transformation of public awareness, for the promotion of universal suffrage movement lay a solid foundation; The identification of the class composition of the people and the establishment of the political identity of the voters are the key to ensuring that no voter is wrongly deprived of the right to vote, nor that a counter-revolutionary is allowed to steal the right to vote. In this step, through prior mapping, hindsight discussion and group discussion, the political identity of the people in the new China has been further clarified. Nomination and consultation of candidates for deputies. The key to the election of satisfactory people's representatives as required by the Party and the people is to propose the necessary candidates for deputies and to pass through the party caucuses. People's organizations and voter groups discuss and prepare candidates for deputies, and Changshou County Election Commission adheres to the principles of necessity, satisfaction and steadfastness in accordance with the spirit of the central government and local realities. To ensure that elected representatives are necessary for the Party and the people; This is the last link in the campaign of universal suffrage in Changshou County, where voters are in the run-up to the election. After the mentality and behavior also presents a multi-face, the reason lies in the game of various interests. Through the exploration and analysis of the various work links. The rural general election movement in Changshou County of Sichuan Province has a very important practical reference and value inspiration for the current grass-roots democratic election in our country, which is embodied in the following aspects: first, we should always adhere to the leadership of the Party. Give full play to the role of the Party in controlling the overall situation; Second, it is necessary to cultivate and promote the democratic consciousness of the people and mobilize the masses to participate actively in the election; Third, it is necessary to further expand the qualifications and scope of candidates, and to ensure the universality and representativeness of people's representatives to the maximum extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D624

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