本文關(guān)鍵詞：四明商業(yè)儲(chǔ)蓄銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)管理研究（1908-1937）　出處：《上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：銀行為一國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)之中心組織,百業(yè)之樞紐,其盛衰進(jìn)退與國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系至深。四明商業(yè)儲(chǔ)蓄銀行(下文簡(jiǎn)稱"四明銀行")是中國(guó)近代金融史上著名的"小四行"之一,創(chuàng)辦于1908年,恰逢錢莊勢(shì)力強(qiáng)盛而民族銀行萌芽的新舊交替時(shí)期。其發(fā)展、轉(zhuǎn)折以及最終走向衰敗,基本反映了銀行盛衰的歷程,是近代私營(yíng)商業(yè)銀行成功經(jīng)營(yíng)的案例之一,也是商業(yè)銀行引以為鑒的典型。因此,本文試圖用新方法解構(gòu)舊問(wèn)題,用歷史鏡鑒現(xiàn)實(shí)。首先,本文概述了四明銀行的興衰發(fā)展歷程。四明銀行于創(chuàng)設(shè)初期,通過(guò)發(fā)鈔、存款、儲(chǔ)蓄業(yè)務(wù)三管齊下,抓住機(jī)遇迅速發(fā)展,并于20世紀(jì)30年代前期達(dá)到發(fā)展的巔峰。20世紀(jì)30年代中期,其在以往經(jīng)營(yíng)管理中所埋藏的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患集中爆發(fā),逐漸侵蝕行基,被國(guó)民政府趁虛而入,改組成為"官商合辦"的銀行。隨后,本文運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代商業(yè)銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)管理理論分析了四明銀行常規(guī)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理的特色,并著重研究了其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理。分析發(fā)現(xiàn),四明銀行在日常經(jīng)營(yíng)中非常注重發(fā)鈔和儲(chǔ)蓄業(yè)務(wù)的開(kāi)展以獲取資金;在日常管理中,行員等級(jí)明確、賞罰分明,重視與寧波幫之間的互惠互利,注重對(duì)銀行聲譽(yù)的維護(hù)。而其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理指標(biāo)則有明顯的時(shí)段特點(diǎn),1930年及以前,各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)良好,發(fā)展勢(shì)頭強(qiáng)勁。但是繁榮背后暗藏危機(jī),前期風(fēng)控的弱點(diǎn)于20世紀(jì)30年代中早期開(kāi)始顯現(xiàn),并于20世紀(jì)30年代中期集中暴露,最終獨(dú)木難支,走向衰落。接下來(lái),本文通過(guò)建立VAR模型來(lái)分析四明銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)管理對(duì)其盈利能力的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)資產(chǎn)收益率和流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)占比對(duì)資產(chǎn)收益率的影響較大,而信用貸款占比和成本收入比對(duì)資產(chǎn)收益率的影響相對(duì)較小。四明銀行的資產(chǎn)收益率主要受到來(lái)自自身沖擊的正影響,且這種影響具備長(zhǎng)期效應(yīng)。本文同時(shí)揭示了四明銀行盈利能力的提高一定程度上依賴于信用貸款占比的提升,核心資本充足率亦對(duì)其盈利水平具有正向帶動(dòng)作用。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文結(jié)合時(shí)代背景分析得出四明銀行發(fā)展的原因有以下三點(diǎn):發(fā)鈔、存款、儲(chǔ)蓄業(yè)務(wù)三管齊下,為四明銀行帶來(lái)了源源不斷的資金;資金運(yùn)用得當(dāng)且適逢其時(shí),放貸的開(kāi)展、大規(guī)模的房地產(chǎn)投資為四明銀行獲取了豐厚的利潤(rùn);四明銀行由著名寧波籍旅滬工商業(yè)者創(chuàng)辦,在與寧波籍工商業(yè)者及其所辦企業(yè)的互惠互利中長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展。而其由盛轉(zhuǎn)衰則內(nèi)、外因兼有:其困難局面一定程度上是當(dāng)時(shí)動(dòng)蕩的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境使然,大浪淘沙終將淘汰弱者;高管獨(dú)攬大權(quán)、資金聚斂和運(yùn)用不顧后患、經(jīng)營(yíng)理念保守等自身經(jīng)營(yíng)管理上的弊病成為其崩潰的內(nèi)在原因,造成其進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)30年代后外強(qiáng)中干,經(jīng)不起金融動(dòng)蕩。本文認(rèn)為,四明銀行在經(jīng)營(yíng)管理方面的優(yōu)點(diǎn)值得我國(guó)現(xiàn)代商業(yè)銀行學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒,而其經(jīng)營(yíng)管理不善最終導(dǎo)致衰敗也值得現(xiàn)代商業(yè)銀行反思和警醒,并對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)代商業(yè)銀行的經(jīng)營(yíng)與改革提出可供參考的"六要二禁止"八條啟示。
[Abstract]:The bank is the central organization of a country's economy and the hub of a hundred industries. Siming Commercial savings Bank (hereinafter referred to as "Siming Bank") is one of the famous "Xiao Si Xing" in the modern financial history of China, which was founded in 1908. It is one of the successful cases of private commercial banks in modern times. Its development, transition and final decline reflect the process of bank prosperity and decline, which is one of the successful cases of private commercial banks in modern times. It is also a typical example of commercial banks. Therefore, this paper attempts to use new methods to deconstruct old problems and use historical mirror to learn from reality. Firstly, this paper outlines the development process of Siming Bank, which was established at the initial stage. By issuing banknotes, deposits, savings business in a three-pronged approach, seize the opportunity to develop rapidly, and reached the peak of development in the early 1930s. The middle of 30s of the 20th century. In the past, the hidden risks were concentrated and erupted, gradually eroding the foundation of the line, and being reorganized into a "government-business joint bank" by the National Government. This paper analyzes the characteristics of Siming Bank's conventional management by using modern commercial bank management theory, and focuses on its risk management. Siming Bank attaches great importance to the development of banknote issuance and savings business in daily operation to obtain funds; In the daily management, the ranks of the practitioners are clear, rewards and penalties are clear, attention is paid to the mutual benefit between the Ningbo gang and the bank reputation, and the risk management indicators have obvious characteristics of the time period. In 1930 and before, the indicators were good and the momentum was strong. But there was a hidden crisis behind the boom, and weaknesses in early risk control began to emerge in mid-#date1#. And in the middle of 1930s, the concentrated exposure, and finally difficult to support, to decline. Next, this paper through the establishment of VAR model to analyze the impact of Siming bank management on its profitability. It is found that the ratio of return on assets and the proportion of current assets have a great influence on the rate of return on assets. The ratio of credit loan and cost to income has a relatively small impact on the return on assets. Siming Bank's return on assets is mainly affected by the impact of its own positive impact. And this impact has a long-term effect. At the same time, this paper reveals that the improvement of the profitability of Siming Bank depends to a certain extent on the increase of the proportion of credit loans. The core capital adequacy ratio also has a positive driving effect on its profit level. On this basis, this paper analyzes the background of the times and concludes that the reasons for the development of Siming Bank are as follows: issuing banknotes and deposits. The three-pronged savings business has brought a steady stream of funds to Siming Bank. The proper use of funds and the timing of lending, large-scale real estate investment for Siming Bank to obtain rich profits; Siming Bank was founded by famous businessmen from Ningbo to Shanghai and developed rapidly from prosperity to decline with the mutual benefit of Ningbo industrialists and businessmen and their enterprises. The external reasons include: to some extent, the difficult situation was caused by the turbulent political and economic environment at that time, and the weak would eventually be eliminated from the waves; The internal causes of its collapse are the maladies of its own management, such as monopolizing power, collecting funds and using them regardless of future troubles, conservative management ideas, etc., resulting in its entry into the foreign power after 1930s. This paper argues that the advantages of Siming Bank in management and management are worthy of our country's modern commercial banks to learn and learn from. But its management mismanagement finally causes the decline also to be worth the modern commercial bank introspection and the warning, and to our country modern commercial bank's management and the reform may provide for the reference "six want two forbidden" eight enlightenment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F832.9

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