本文關(guān)鍵詞：當(dāng)代中國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期公正問(wèn)題的制度解析　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：當(dāng)前，中國(guó)社會(huì)正發(fā)生著一場(chǎng)大規(guī)模的、整體性的、復(fù)雜的社會(huì)變遷，原有的平衡的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)被打破，種種利益矛盾日益突顯，多元化、復(fù)雜化的利益訴求主體不斷顯現(xiàn)。在利益重新調(diào)整、社會(huì)資源重新分配的過(guò)程中，諸多不公正現(xiàn)象暴露出來(lái)，引發(fā)大量的社會(huì)矛盾與沖突，嚴(yán)重吞噬著改革所釋放的社會(huì)活力，制約著整個(gè)社會(huì)的發(fā)展進(jìn)步。如何實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公正以保障社會(huì)良性運(yùn)行，已成為一個(gè)不可回避、亟待解決的問(wèn)題。而制度作為人的一種存在方式，通過(guò)引導(dǎo)和規(guī)范人的行為，進(jìn)而維持社會(huì)的有序運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，推動(dòng)社會(huì)的發(fā)展進(jìn)步。從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，公正的實(shí)現(xiàn)必須落實(shí)到制度層面，即在實(shí)現(xiàn)公正的制度化的同時(shí)，還要保證制度的公正，唯有如此，才能真正避免公正的實(shí)現(xiàn)流于空想。正基于此，本文立足于中國(guó)當(dāng)代社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型急遽變化的大背景，運(yùn)用馬克思主義唯物史觀和制度分析方法，從制度視域透析社會(huì)不公正現(xiàn)象及其原因，力求探索出一條實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公正的解決路徑。 本文著重從制度維度探究當(dāng)代中國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期公正問(wèn)題，，結(jié)構(gòu)安排如下：一是公正、制度的基本理論。從公正的涵義界定入手，分析了公正與公平、正義、平均和平等的區(qū)別，闡述了公正的基本原則和基本類型。界定了制度的涵義和功能，論述了公正與制度的辯證關(guān)系，構(gòu)建公正實(shí)現(xiàn)依賴于制度的理論基點(diǎn)。二是當(dāng)代中國(guó)的社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型與制度變遷。在闡釋社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的涵義、內(nèi)容和制度變遷的涵義、動(dòng)力和方式的基礎(chǔ)上，分別詮釋了中國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的獨(dú)特性和制度變遷的整體性和復(fù)雜性，并以社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型和制度變遷的辯證關(guān)系為理論依托，闡發(fā)了中國(guó)的社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型其實(shí)質(zhì)就是一種復(fù)雜的制度變遷，而社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的成功則有賴于一定制度條件的保障。三是當(dāng)代中國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期公正問(wèn)題的突顯。在梳理我國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，分析改革開放以來(lái)我國(guó)在基本權(quán)利公正、機(jī)會(huì)公正、程序公正和結(jié)果公正方面取得的主要進(jìn)展，在肯定成就的同時(shí)，客觀地闡述改革開放以來(lái)在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化教育領(lǐng)域中公正缺失的主要表現(xiàn)。四是當(dāng)代中國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期公正問(wèn)題的制度困境。本部分主要扎根于制度本身，而不是徘徊于制度之外，對(duì)我國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期公正問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因進(jìn)行深入透徹地分析。制度的公共性困境著眼于分析政府的本位利益與公共性規(guī)范之間的沖突，指出若處理不當(dāng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)不公正；制度的有限性困境強(qiáng)調(diào)因制度主體的有限理性、制度自身的有限性，使得制度不是盡善盡美的，其缺陷會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)不公正；制度的權(quán)威性困境則重在分析因過(guò)于推崇制度、完全照章辦事，導(dǎo)致手段與目的的脫節(jié)，在實(shí)踐中產(chǎn)生不公正問(wèn)題。五是當(dāng)代中國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期制度公正的實(shí)現(xiàn)條件和判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。主要從理論條件，即科學(xué)的人性假設(shè)；根本的物質(zhì)條件，即符合社會(huì)物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)狀況；主體條件，即符合人的發(fā)展需要三個(gè)方面探討了制度公正的實(shí)現(xiàn)條件，并從不同角度把制度公正的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為生產(chǎn)力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、人的自由全面發(fā)展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、歷史性和普遍性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是既相互獨(dú)立又相互滲透，共同構(gòu)成我國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期判斷制度公正的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。六是當(dāng)代中國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期公正的制度構(gòu)建。主要從應(yīng)然和實(shí)然兩個(gè)層面論證在社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期如何通過(guò)構(gòu)建制度實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公正。就應(yīng)然層面而言，重在從宏觀視角、理念層面進(jìn)行理論詮釋；就實(shí)然層面而言，重在從微觀領(lǐng)域的具體政策入手，構(gòu)建公正實(shí)現(xiàn)的具體路徑。 總之，中國(guó)公正社會(huì)的構(gòu)建是一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程。隨著社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型進(jìn)程的加快、加深，特別是各種思想文化價(jià)值觀的碰撞需要我們不斷地重新審視和設(shè)計(jì)制度，從而達(dá)到協(xié)調(diào)矛盾、抑惡揚(yáng)善。當(dāng)然，制度改革并不一定能夠立刻帶來(lái)顯著的社會(huì)公正，但僅僅是改革本身也能夠激發(fā)起人們對(duì)公正社會(huì)美好愿景的信心和希望，促進(jìn)人們對(duì)公正問(wèn)題的思考，并推動(dòng)社會(huì)公正的解決，實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)的進(jìn)步。
[Abstract]:At present, China society is undergoing a massive, holistic, complex social change, social structure of the original balance is broken, all sorts of interests conflict, diversification, the main interests of the complicated interests appear constantly. In the process of re adjustment and allocation of social resources, a lot of injustice exposed, causing a large number of social contradictions and conflicts, seriously devouring social vitality by the release of the reform, restricting the development of the whole society. How to achieve social justice in order to ensure the benign operation of society, has become an unavoidable and urgent problem to be solved. And the system as a way of human existence, through to guide and regulate people's behavior, so as to maintain the orderly operation of the society, promoting social progress and development. In this sense, the realization of justice must be put into the system level, namely in the justice system Degree at the same time, but also to ensure the impartiality of the system, only in this way, can we truly achieve avoid into fantasy justice. Based on this, this paper based on the background of rapid changes in China contemporary social transformation, the use of Marx materialism and the method of system analysis, from the Perspective of dialysis social injustice phenomenon and its causes, and strive to explore a solution to the realization of social justice.
This article focuses on exploring the problem of justice in contemporary China social transformation from the system dimension, structure arrangement is as follows: one is the basic theory of justice, justice system. From the definition of the meaning of analysis of justice and fairness, justice and equality, the average difference, expounds the basic principles of justice and the basic type defines the meaning and function of the system. And discusses the dialectical relationship between fairness and justice system, constructing the theoretical basis depends on the system. The two is the social transformation and institutional change in contemporary Chinese. In the interpretation of the connotation of the social transformation, the content and the meaning of institutional change, based on the power and mode, respectively, the interpretation of the integrity and complexity of change China social transformation the uniqueness and the system, and the dialectical relationship between social transformation and institutional change theories, expounds the essence of China social transformation is a complex process of change, Social transformation success depends on certain conditions of system protection. Three is to highlight the problem of justice China period of contemporary social transformation. Based on analyzing the characteristics of social transformation in China, since reform and opening up in our country the basic rights of justice, equality of opportunity, the main progress of procedural justice and result justice, in sure. At the same time, objectively elaborated since the reform and opening up in the political, economic, cultural and educational fields mainly in the lack of justice. Four is the period of social transformation Chinese justice system the plight of contemporary. This section mainly rooted in the system itself, rather than wandering in the system, the causes of China's social transformation period of justice the in-depth analysis of the conflict between the interests of the public. The standard system dilemma focuses on government and public norms, pointed out that if the improper treatment may lead to social Injustice; finite dilemma system stresses due to limited rationality of subject system, limitation of the system itself, the system is not perfect, the defects will lead to social injustice; authoritative system focuses on the analysis of the predicament because of too respected system, full play by the rules, the separation of means and purpose, have no questions of justice practice. The realization of the five conditions and the judgment standard of contemporary social transition system China fair. Mainly from the theoretical conditions, namely the hypothesis of human nature of science; fundamental material conditions, that is consistent with the social material production status; the main conditions that meet the needs of development of the institutional conditions of realizing justice in three aspects, and from different perspective of the judgment standard of fair system is divided into the standard of productive forces, the comprehensive development of human freedom, historical and universal standards. The three standards are not only mutually independent And mutual penetration, together constitute the social transition of our country judge system justice standard system. The six is to build a system of justice in contemporary social transformation period China. Mainly from the two aspects of reality and demonstration in the period of social transition, how to construct the system to achieve social justice. It ought to be level, mainly from the macro perspective, concept level theoretical interpretation; on actual level, focusing on specific policy from the microcosmic field of construction of the specific path to realize justice.
In short, the construction China justice society is a long-term and complicated system engineering. With the acceleration of the process of social transformation, deepening, especially the collision of various ideological and cultural values that we need to re-examine and design the system, so as to achieve the coordination of contradictions, or good and evil. Of course, reform is not necessarily able to immediately bring significant social justice, but only to reform itself can stimulate the people to the justice society better vision of confidence and hope, promote people to think about the problem of justice, and promote the settlement of social justice, to achieve social progress.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D621

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