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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：毛澤東探索中國社會主義建設(shè)思想演變研究（1956～1966）　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 毛澤東 社會主義建設(shè)道路 探索 思想演變

【摘要】：毛澤東在1956～1966年對社會主義建設(shè)道路的探索及其思想演變軌跡是一個值得深入探討的問題。在這十年，以毛澤東為核心的中國共產(chǎn)黨人力圖開辟一條有自身特點(diǎn)的又快又好的社會主義建設(shè)道路。在探索過程中，既收獲了豐碩的成果，為日后的社會主義建設(shè)奠定了重要的基礎(chǔ)，也出現(xiàn)了一些明顯的失誤，探索之路歷經(jīng)坎坷。然而，不管是成功的經(jīng)驗，抑或是失誤的教訓(xùn)，都是新時期社會主義建設(shè)中需要認(rèn)真總結(jié)的。 毛澤東社會主義建設(shè)思想的形成有其多方面的理論淵源和客觀的現(xiàn)實背景。毛澤東在建設(shè)時期非常重視馬克思主義關(guān)于社會主義建設(shè)的經(jīng)典理論；在毛澤東社會主義建設(shè)思想的形成和變遷中，始終伴隨著對蘇聯(lián)社會主義建設(shè)經(jīng)驗以及教訓(xùn)的總結(jié)和反思；在戰(zhàn)爭年代積累的斗爭經(jīng)驗對其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)社會主義建設(shè)也有著重要影響，同時，毛澤東又在具體實踐中結(jié)合思考不斷加以調(diào)整；作為一個手不釋卷的革命實踐家，我們在毛澤東社會主義建設(shè)思想中還不難找到中國傳統(tǒng)文化的因子。 在中共八大前后，毛澤東對適合自身國情的社會主義道路探索經(jīng)歷了從“以蘇為師”到“以蘇為鑒”的思想演變。我國在社會主義建設(shè)初期“以蘇為師”指導(dǎo)思想的提出有其歷史的必然性，這既適應(yīng)了當(dāng)時國際共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動的大氣候，也說明了中共對蘇聯(lián)當(dāng)時建設(shè)成就的欣賞。然而，到了八大前夕，中國已經(jīng)初步積累起社會主義建設(shè)的基本經(jīng)驗，而蘇聯(lián)模式所暴露出來的問題，則進(jìn)一步促使毛澤東展開對獨(dú)立自主地建設(shè)有中國特點(diǎn)的社會主義的思考。 “大躍進(jìn)”前后，毛澤東關(guān)于社會主義建設(shè)速度等問題的思想演變可分為三個階段。早在一五計劃后期，在農(nóng)業(yè)合作化問題上，毛澤東在建設(shè)中的急于求成已經(jīng)初露端倪，同時，對其他各行各業(yè)的發(fā)展速度也提出了更高的要求�！按筌S進(jìn)”發(fā)動后，建設(shè)中的急躁冒進(jìn)思想進(jìn)一步升級。然而，各地在“大躍進(jìn)”運(yùn)動中暴露出來的問題和亂象，又使毛澤東深感震驚。在嚴(yán)峻的事實面前，毛澤東逐漸冷靜下來，并在中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層中率先開始了糾“左”的努力。 國民經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整時期，毛澤東關(guān)于調(diào)查研究思想的演變同樣值得關(guān)注和探討�！按筌S進(jìn)”后毛澤東對深入調(diào)查研究的提倡和踐行，既是在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)遭遇極大困難的嚴(yán)峻事實面前，黨和政府調(diào)整工作思路的迫切需要；也是在探索社會主義建設(shè)規(guī)律的關(guān)鍵時期，毛澤東對我黨長期以來形成的實事求是優(yōu)良作風(fēng)的堅持和弘揚(yáng)。另一方面，由于對形勢、國情的錯誤認(rèn)識和判斷，毛澤東在20世紀(jì)60年代的社會主義建設(shè)思想，又呈現(xiàn)出一個原來以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心的思想向后來以階級斗爭為綱的思想演變的軌跡，最終導(dǎo)致了60年代初提出的一系列重要調(diào)整思路的中斷，其在政治上和思想上不斷發(fā)展的“左”傾思想，又成為后來發(fā)動“文化大革命”的導(dǎo)火線。 開始全面建設(shè)社會主義的十年，是我國工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、教育、科學(xué)技術(shù)等各項建設(shè)事業(yè)取得巨大成就的十年，這是十年建設(shè)的主要方面。在探索社會主義建設(shè)規(guī)律過程中，以毛澤東為核心的黨中央在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、社會建設(shè)各領(lǐng)域提出了很多建設(shè)性思想，積累了不少寶貴經(jīng)驗。同時，在一個落后的東方古國探索社會主義建設(shè)規(guī)律，對于缺乏經(jīng)驗的中國共產(chǎn)黨人來說無疑又是一項嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，因此，在探索中也出現(xiàn)了一些嚴(yán)重的失誤。其中，經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)上的急于求成和階級斗爭上的擴(kuò)大化是最主要的兩方面失誤�？偨Y(jié)毛澤東在此十年對社會主義建設(shè)規(guī)律的探索及其思想演變軌跡，給予我們諸多寶貴啟示。它告訴我們：要從基本國情出發(fā)，，探尋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展基本規(guī)律；要抓住社會主義社會主要矛盾，正確處理人民內(nèi)部矛盾，調(diào)動一切積極因素，以推進(jìn)中國特色社會主義建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:Mao Zedong in 1956 to 1966 on the road of socialist construction exploration and ideas of evolution is a problem worthy of further exploration. In the past ten years, the Communist Party of Chinese human figure with Mao Zedong as the core of the opening a has its own characteristics of the fast and good road of socialist construction. In the course of exploration, not only harvest results laid a foundation for the day after the socialist construction, there are some obvious mistakes, to explore the road of ups and downs. However, whether it is a successful experience, or mistakes are the need to conscientiously sum up the socialist construction in the new period.
The formation of Mao Zedong's socialist construction thought has many theoretical origin and realistic background. Mao Zedong in the period of construction attaches great importance to the Marx classical theory about socialist construction; in the formation and development of Mao Zedong's socialist construction thought, always accompanied by the experience and lessons of the Soviet Socialist Construction and reflection in the war; the accumulation of experience of the struggle to lead the socialist construction has important effect, at the same time, Mao Zedong also in the specific practice thinking is continuously adjusted; as a hand don't release volume in our revolutionary practice, Mao Zedong's socialist construction thought is not difficult to find Chinese factors of traditional culture.
In the eight, Mao Zedong on the path suited to their national conditions of socialism has changed from "Su teacher" to "with Su Weijian" thought in China. In the early stage of socialist construction "with Su teacher" guiding ideology has its historical inevitability, it is not only to adapt to the international communist movement at that time the climate also illustrates the achievements of the construction of the Soviet Union was appreciated. However, to eight on the eve of China has initially accumulated basic experience of socialist construction, and the Soviet problems exposed, it further urged Mao Zedong to think of the characteristics of the socialist Chinese independent construction.
The "great leap forward" before and after, Mao Zedong thought about socialist construction speed of evolution can be divided into three stages. In the early 15 plan period, in the agricultural cooperation on the issue, Mao Zedong anxious in the construction have been created, at the same time, the development speed of other industries also put forward higher requirements. "After the launch, further escalation in the construction of impetuosity ideas. However, all exposed in the" great leap forward "movement problems and chaos, and that Mao Zedong was deeply shocked. In the face of grim facts, Mao Zedong gradually calm down, and the central leadership in the first to correct" left "efforts.
During the period of the adjustment of the national economy, Mao Zedong thought of investigation and Research on the evolution of the same concern and discussion. After the "great leap forward" Mao Zedong to promote the in-depth study and practice, both in front of the national economy suffered great difficulties to the facts that it is urgent to adjust the party and government work ideas; is a critical period in the exploration of the law of socialist construction. Mao Zedong fine style of seeking truth from facts of our party's long since the formation of insisting on and developing. On the other hand, because of the situation, the wrong understanding and judgment of the situation, in 1960s Mao Zedong's socialist construction thought, and presents an original idea of taking economic construction as the center to the later to the class struggle of the ideological evolution in early 60s, eventually puts forward a series of important adjustment interrupts, its continuous development in the political and ideological The "left" idea became the fuse of the later "Cultural Revolution".
Beginning ten years of building socialism, is China's industry, agriculture, education, the construction of science and technology has made great achievements in ten years, which is the main aspect of the ten years development. In the course of socialist construction law, with Mao Zedong as the core of the CPC Central Committee in the political, economic, cultural and social fields the construction put forward many constructive ideas, accumulated a lot of valuable experience. At the same time, in a backward oriental country to explore the law of socialist construction, for lack of experience of the Communist Party China people is undoubtedly a serious challenge, therefore, in the exploration also appeared some serious mistakes. The expansion of economic construction the anxious and the class struggle on the two aspects of the main errors. Mao Zedong in the ten years of exploration and summary of the laws of socialist construction thought evolution, give us many It is a valuable inspiration. It tells us that we must explore the basic laws of economic development from the basic national conditions, grasp the main contradictions in socialist society, correctly handle contradictions among the people, and mobilize all positive factors to promote the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D232

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