本文關(guān)鍵詞：明末版畫的繁榮與式微　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 明代 經(jīng)濟(jì) 木刻版畫 浮世繪 反思

【摘要】：明代洪武年間,百姓的戶籍不得隨意改動(dòng),從農(nóng)村到城市所有的人口都處于封建朝廷的嚴(yán)密控制之下,任何人不得擅自流動(dòng),外出百里之外必須持有官府發(fā)給的“路引”(通行證),沒有路引者即為流民。洪武年間對戶籍制度的嚴(yán)密管理和制約,著實(shí)超越于前代。而到了萬歷年間,由于皇帝常年不上朝,對官員既不升遷也不罷免,政治經(jīng)濟(jì)制度比洪武年間寬松了許多,農(nóng)民在農(nóng)閑時(shí)期便紛紛涌入東南沿海,在陶瓷、絲織等作坊內(nèi)勞作賺取報(bào)酬。有了充足的勞動(dòng)力,明末的商品經(jīng)濟(jì)便得到了長足的發(fā)展。另一方面,明朝中晚期“心學(xué)”的“學(xué)貴得之于心”的觀點(diǎn)的提出,對孔子的地位提出質(zhì)疑,不以孔子的是非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為準(zhǔn)繩,而以內(nèi)心作為價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn),擴(kuò)大了內(nèi)心的作用,具有思想解放的重要意義。 明末商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和提倡自我回歸、自我解放的心學(xué)的興起,促進(jìn)了文學(xué)藝術(shù)的發(fā)展,形成了明末特有的市民文學(xué),即各種題材的話本小說、戲劇、詩歌、酒牌葉子、旅游圖冊,讀者數(shù)量的激增帶動(dòng)了出版業(yè)的發(fā)展,所以說市民文學(xué)是明末版畫繁榮的沃土。按照版畫類別大致可分為五類,即：畫譜、名勝山水圖、先賢傳、繡像插圖和酒牌葉子。 當(dāng)時(shí)版畫繁榮原因的一個(gè)重要方面是頗負(fù)盛名的文人知識(shí)分子加入進(jìn)來,撰寫贊詩、描摹圖畫。一大批優(yōu)秀畫家的加入,瞬間為這一時(shí)期的版畫創(chuàng)作帶來了無比的生機(jī)與活力,一掃洪武年至明中葉版畫創(chuàng)作的程式化,開始變得別開生面,生機(jī)勃勃。而且畫家與刻工的聯(lián)系更為緊密,這就保證了優(yōu)秀作品的誕生。而這些版畫作品幾乎全部依附于文字并以插圖的形式出現(xiàn),在商品經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮、心學(xué)大盛的歷史背景下,帶有自己強(qiáng)烈的時(shí)代特征。 明末版畫還影響了亞洲的美術(shù)發(fā)展,尤其是日本,繼而日本的浮世繪的營養(yǎng)又被西方國家的藝術(shù)家們吸取,結(jié)出了豐碩的果實(shí)。而且基本處在在同時(shí)期的歐洲,版畫的生命力也比明末以后的中國版畫長久許多,這種現(xiàn)象不禁引人深思。
[Abstract]:During the reign of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty , people ' s household registration should not be changed at will . All the people from the countryside to the city should be under the tight control of the feudal court . No one should flow freely . There is no way for anyone to move . The political and economic system is more relaxed than that of Hongwu . On the other hand , there is plenty of labor force , and the commodity economy of the Ming Dynasty has been greatly expanded . On the other hand , the inner part of the Ming Dynasty , which is the criterion of value , has expanded the inner function and has the important meaning of ideological emancipation . The development of commodity economy in the late Ming Dynasty and the rise of self - return and self - liberation promoted the development of literature and art . One of the most important aspects of the cause of the prosperity of the layout was the inclusion of the famous scholar intellectuals , the writing of the praise poems and the tracing of pictures . A large number of outstanding painters were joined by a large number of outstanding artists , and the creation of a great number of excellent artists had brought the birth of excellent works . It also influenced Asia ' s fine arts development , especially in Japan , and then Japan ' s floating - world nutrition was absorbed by the artists of Western countries , yielding fruitful fruit . And basically in Europe in the same period , the vitality of the layout was much longer than that of the Chinese version after the end of the Ming Dynasty .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：J209.2

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號(hào)：1380348