本文關(guān)鍵詞：塞爾柱王朝的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)制度探析　出處：《浙江師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 塞爾柱人 政治制度 經(jīng)濟(jì)制度

【摘要】：塞爾柱王朝是11世紀(jì)塞爾柱突厥人在中亞、西亞建立的遜尼派伊斯蘭教的國(guó)家《1037～1194)。塞爾柱人屬突厥烏古斯部落聯(lián)盟中的一支,初居突厥斯坦的吉爾吉斯草原,以其酋長(zhǎng)塞爾柱(Saljuq)的名字命名。約于10世紀(jì)中期,塞爾柱率其游牧部族西遷至錫爾河下游的氈的地區(qū),并在此地區(qū)皈依了伊斯蘭教。隨后塞爾柱人在中亞地區(qū)迅速擴(kuò)張,最強(qiáng)盛時(shí)期統(tǒng)治區(qū)域包括西亞、中亞和小亞細(xì)亞地區(qū),形成一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的軍事封建王朝。塞爾柱人自游牧民族起家,在中亞擴(kuò)張的過程中應(yīng)對(duì)中亞地區(qū)的統(tǒng)治需要,逐漸將自身的傳統(tǒng)與中亞地區(qū)原有的統(tǒng)治制度相融合,形成了一系列帶有自身特色的統(tǒng)治制度。本文主要探析了塞爾柱王朝時(shí)期的政治制度、經(jīng)濟(jì)制度和這些制度的特點(diǎn)以及對(duì)中亞地區(qū)所產(chǎn)生的一些影響。本文分為四個(gè)部分。第一部分討論了塞爾柱人的族源問題和塞爾柱人崛起的內(nèi)外條件。塞爾柱人原本是是屬于烏古斯部落聯(lián)盟中的一支,在隨后的發(fā)展過程中,塞爾柱人因一些方面與烏古斯部落聯(lián)盟首領(lǐng)葉護(hù)的分歧越來越大,同時(shí)烏古斯部落聯(lián)盟內(nèi)部也有了分裂的趨勢(shì),塞爾柱人借著這一趨勢(shì)最終打敗葉護(hù)作為一支獨(dú)立的力量加入到中亞各個(gè)勢(shì)力的角逐中。塞爾柱人借著皈依伊斯蘭教帶來的優(yōu)勢(shì)利用中亞各個(gè)勢(shì)力相互斗爭(zhēng)的契機(jī)在中亞站穩(wěn)腳跟并代替原有統(tǒng)治者建立自己的王朝。本文的第二、第三部分主要論述了塞爾柱王朝的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的特點(diǎn)。因?yàn)槿麪栔醭谝欢ㄒ饬x上是建立在伊斯蘭教基礎(chǔ)之上的,伊斯蘭教為其存在提供政治上的合法性,因此塞爾柱王朝非常注重對(duì)伊斯蘭教的發(fā)展,維護(hù)伊斯蘭教遜尼派的統(tǒng)治地位。但是塞爾柱王朝繼承波斯政治傳統(tǒng),在政治上實(shí)行中央集權(quán)的原則。所以塞爾柱王朝形成了宗教上維護(hù)阿拔斯哈里發(fā)的最高權(quán)威,而素丹掌握最高的世俗統(tǒng)治權(quán)的雙領(lǐng)袖體制。在世俗事務(wù)上為彌補(bǔ)自身統(tǒng)治經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足形成了以大維齊爾為首的行政體系,輔佐素丹進(jìn)行世俗統(tǒng)治。同時(shí)王朝中也有具有鮮明游牧民族傳統(tǒng)的阿塔貝克制度。在經(jīng)濟(jì)制度方面,塞爾柱王朝主要是繼承已有的制度加以完善。比如將伊克塔制度更加系統(tǒng)化;在商業(yè)方面重振穆哈泰希卜的權(quán)威并增加穆哈泰希卜在宗教方面的作用。在財(cái)政制度方面,雖然比較重視稅收的征收但又也有一定的隨意性。第三部分主要是論述了塞爾柱王朝政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)制度對(duì)于中亞歷史的影響。塞爾柱王朝的制度在延續(xù)之前王朝統(tǒng)治制度的基礎(chǔ)上有比較大的完善發(fā)展,并在制度中添加了許多自身的特色,對(duì)于伊斯蘭世界的發(fā)展有比較大的影響。尤其是對(duì)于塞爾柱王朝的最主要的繼承者奧斯曼土耳其帝國(guó)產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響。
[Abstract]:In 11th century, the Selzhu dynasty was a state of Sunni Islam established by the Selzhu Turks in Central Asia and Western Asia. Selzhu was a member of the Turkic Uguls Tribal Alliance. The Kyrgyz steppe of Turkestan named after its sheikh Saljuq. around the middle of 10th century Serzhu led his nomadic tribe westward to the tapestry of the lower Sirr River. And converted to Islam in this region. The Seljuans then rapidly expanded in Central Asia, the most powerful regions including Western Asia, Central Asia and Asia minor. Formed a powerful military feudal dynasty. Selzhu people from the nomadic people in the process of expansion in Central Asia to cope with the needs of Central Asian rule. Gradually will own tradition and the Central Asian region of the original ruling system to form a series of governance system with its own characteristics. This paper mainly analyzes the political system of the Serzhu dynasty. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the origin of Selzhu and the internal and external conditions of the rise of Selzhu. It was originally part of the August-based Tribal Alliance. In the subsequent development process, the Serzhu people because of some aspects and the Ugus tribal alliance leader Ye Hui more and more differences, at the same time there is a trend of division within the Ugus Tribal Alliance. The Selzhu took advantage of this trend to defeat Ye Hu as an independent force to join the struggle of various forces in Central Asia. The Selzhu took advantage of the advantages of conversion to Islam to take advantage of the mutual struggle of the various forces in Central Asia. Machine in Central Asia to establish a firm foothold and replace the original rulers to establish their own dynasty. The third part mainly discusses the characteristics of the political and economic system of the Serzhu dynasty, because the Selzhu dynasty is based on Islam in a certain sense. Islam provides political legitimacy for its existence, so the Selzhu dynasty attaches great importance to the development of Islam and the maintenance of the dominant position of Sunni Islam. But the Selzhu dynasty inherited the Persian political tradition. The principle of centralization of power was practised in politics. So the Selzhu dynasty formed the highest religious authority to defend the caliphate. In order to make up for the lack of experience in their own ruling, Su-dan had formed the administrative system headed by Great Weizier in secular affairs in order to make up for his lack of ruling experience. At the same time in the dynasty there is also a distinct nomadic tradition of the Atabek system. In the economic system. Selzhu dynasty is mainly to inherit the existing system to be improved, such as Iqta system more systematic; Reinvigorate the authority of Muhartahib in business and increase the role of Muhartahib in religion. In the financial system. Although pay more attention to the collection of tax, but also have a certain degree of arbitrariness. The third part mainly discusses the politics of Selzhu dynasty. The influence of the economic system on the history of Central Asia. The system of the Selzhu dynasty has developed greatly on the basis of the continuation of the ruling system of the dynasty before, and has added a lot of its own characteristics to the system. It had a great influence on the development of the Islamic world, especially on the Ottoman Turkish Empire, the most important successor to the Serzhu dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：K131

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本文編號(hào)：1364965