本文關(guān)鍵詞：難民危機(jī)背景下德國極右翼政黨的發(fā)展　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 極右翼政黨 德國 政黨適應(yīng)性 難民危機(jī)

【摘要】：由于政治文化、政黨制度、移民歷史等原因,極右翼政黨在德國的存在由來已久,但由于二戰(zhàn)后德國民眾對法西斯主義的警惕以及來自德國政府、媒體、民眾等多方面因素的限制,極右翼政黨在德國政治領(lǐng)域始終處于邊緣狀態(tài)。近年來,在歐債危機(jī)尚未褪去、恐怖主義活動猖獗、英國退歐重創(chuàng)歐洲一體化的影響下,德國的極右翼勢力已呈崛起之勢,整個歐洲的政治風(fēng)向也有右轉(zhuǎn)的傾向。在美國主導(dǎo)、歐洲國家積極參與的對西亞、北非的局部戰(zhàn)爭以及恐怖主義等因素的影響之下,大量的國際難民產(chǎn)生并涌向歐洲各國,歐洲難民危機(jī)逐現(xiàn)端倪并不斷演進(jìn)。其中,德國由于經(jīng)濟(jì)狀態(tài)良好、難民政策寬松等原因吸引了大量的難民,成為此次難民危機(jī)的重災(zāi)區(qū)。而難民危機(jī)在德國的演進(jìn)成為加速德國極右翼政黨發(fā)展的最直接原因,也成為壓垮德國政府限制極右翼政黨發(fā)展的最后一根稻草。難民危機(jī)引發(fā)的社會治安問題、恐怖主義、文化沖突以及給德國帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力和對福利社會的威脅,改變了德國社會最初歡迎難民的主流狀態(tài),也改變了德國的選民結(jié)構(gòu)和選民意愿。越來越多的民眾受到極右翼政黨的吸引,或出于對政府難民政策的不滿,將選票投給極右翼政黨。德國極右翼政黨也充分發(fā)揮主動性,利用難民危機(jī)以期達(dá)成自己的政治目標(biāo)。本文旨在探究難民危機(jī)背景下德國極右翼政黨發(fā)展的主客觀原因及其發(fā)展前景。在研究思路上,本文按照史論結(jié)合、數(shù)據(jù)與案例互為支撐的方式展開,以政黨適應(yīng)性理論為指導(dǎo),分析德國極右翼政黨發(fā)展的歷史根源與現(xiàn)實(shí)性因素。在論述結(jié)構(gòu)上,本文通過對德國政治文化、政黨制度、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、移民歷史等方面的考察,探究極右翼政黨在德國存在和發(fā)展的思想基礎(chǔ)與歷史根源,并在界定極右翼政黨概念的基礎(chǔ)上,對德國主要極右翼政黨進(jìn)行歸類和現(xiàn)狀分析。德國極右翼政黨的異軍突起打破了德國現(xiàn)有的政治格局,使德國的政黨格局進(jìn)一步碎片化,同時也促使德國政府調(diào)整難民政策。德國極右翼政黨的發(fā)展不僅影響了德國國內(nèi)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會狀況,還影響了整個歐洲的政治風(fēng)向。德國極右翼政黨的發(fā)展存在主客觀兩方面的因素。在客觀因素方面,難民危機(jī)在德國的演進(jìn)為德國極右翼政黨的發(fā)展提供了更為廣泛的選民基礎(chǔ),其引發(fā)的社會治安問題與文化沖突問題也為極右翼思想的蔓延提供了社會基礎(chǔ)與思想基礎(chǔ)。在主觀因素方面,德國極右翼政黨及時轉(zhuǎn)變政黨政策以適應(yīng)難民危機(jī)的背景,并通過塑造領(lǐng)袖形象、利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)渠道、攻擊執(zhí)政聯(lián)盟的方式主動出擊,積極利用難民危機(jī)為政黨的發(fā)展?fàn)幦】臻g。但由于主流政黨、媒體、民眾的限制,以及極右翼政黨自身的缺陷,德國的極右翼政黨在后難民危機(jī)時代能否存續(xù)仍難下定論。就目前的選舉狀況來看,德國政局仍由主流政黨把持,德國極右翼政黨的迅速發(fā)展雖引人注目,但影響有限。
[Abstract]:Because of the political culture, political system, history of immigration and other reasons, the extreme right-wing political long-standing presence in Germany, but Germany after World War II people wary of fascism and from the German government, media, public and other factors limit, extreme right-wing parties always marginalized in the German political field. In recent years, in the European debt the crisis has not faded, rampant terrorist activities, the influence of the British champions back hit the European integration, the right-wing forces in Germany has shown a rising trend, the European political wind also has the right tendency. In the United States led, actively participate in European countries in West Asia, under the influence of local wars and terrorism and other factors in North Africa. A large number of international and European countries to produce refugees, the European refugee crisis emerged and gradually evolving. Among them, the German economy as well, the refugee policy Loose and other reasons to attract a large number of refugees, the refugee crisis stricken area. And the refugee crisis in Germany accelerated evolution became the most direct cause of the German extreme right-wing political party development, has become overwhelmed by the German government to limit the last straw extreme right-wing political development. Terrorism social security issues, the refugee crisis caused by cultural conflicts and brought Germany economic pressure and social welfare of the threat, change the mainstream state of German Society initially welcome refugees, but also changed the structure of voters and voter intention in Germany. More and more people are attracted by the extreme right-wing parties, or for the government's refugee policy dissatisfaction, will vote for the far right party the German extreme right-wing parties also give full play to the initiative, the refugee crisis in order to achieve their own political goals. This paper aims to explore the refugee crisis under the background of the German far right Wing party development objective and subjective reasons and its development prospect. In the study, according to the combination of the history data and cases to support each other, to Party adaptation theory, analysis of the German extreme right-wing party development history and realistic factors. In the structure, based on the German political culture, political system, economic development, and other aspects of the history of immigration investigation, inquiry of extreme right-wing parties in the ideological foundation and the historical roots of the existence and development of Germany, and on the basis of the definition of extreme right-wing parties on the concept of classified analysis and current situation of the main German extreme right-wing parties. Extreme right-wing political A new force suddenly rises. broke the existing German in Germany the political pattern, make further pieces of German political pattern, at the same time also prompted the German government to adjust the refugee policy. Development of extreme right-wing parties in Germany not only affects the German domestic The political, economic and social conditions, but also affected the entire European political wind. The development of extreme right-wing parties in Germany there are two factors of subjective and objective. The objective factors, the refugee crisis in Germany for the development of the evolution of extreme right-wing parties in Germany provides more voters broad-based, the cause of social security the problem of cultural conflict and also provides social basis and ideological foundation for the extreme right-wing ideas spread. In the subjective factors, the German extreme right-wing parties timely change party policies to adapt to the refugee crisis in the background, and through shaping the images of leaders, the use of network channels, Attack Coalition Approach initiative, active use of space for the refugee crisis for political development. But as the mainstream political parties, media, public, and its defects of extreme right-wing parties, extreme right-wing parties in Germany after the refugee crisis Era The current situation of election is still dominated by the mainstream political parties. The rapid development of the German right wing parties is notable but limited.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D751.6

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