本文選題：小企業(yè) + 城商行�。� 參考：《西南財經(jīng)大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國改革開放以來,小企業(yè)發(fā)展相當迅速,總體規(guī)模逐漸擴大,在國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、就業(yè)問題解決、城鎮(zhèn)化推進、城鄉(xiāng)差距縮小等方面發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用。然而由于信息不對稱、信用體系差、經(jīng)營風險高、管理不規(guī)范、體制約束等原因,小企業(yè)仍然面臨著嚴重的融資缺口,制約其持續(xù)發(fā)展。然而目前的文獻大多是基于中小企業(yè)為研究對象,中型企業(yè)的融資需求已經(jīng)得到充分的滿足,真正難的是小企業(yè)。若將中型企業(yè)和小型企業(yè)融資問題混為一談,客觀上掩蓋了我國企業(yè)融資問題的實質,誤導了人們的判斷方向,會影響金融政策制定的針對性。因此本文的研究具有較大的現(xiàn)實意義。 產(chǎn)生于20世紀70年代的信息不對稱理論很好地闡述了小企業(yè)融資難問題。小企業(yè)會比較不同融資方式的融資成本,而銀行為避免由信息不對稱產(chǎn)生的逆向選擇與道德風險,會更慎重的對待小企業(yè)的融資需求。 本論文從小企業(yè)信貸融資的市場分析出發(fā),利用經(jīng)濟學原理對小企業(yè)融資市場進行供求分析,論證小企業(yè)貸款存在著巨大的融資缺口,而銀行信貸是小企業(yè)重要的融資渠道,可以給小企業(yè)提供其需要的資金供給。然后論文基于信息不對稱理論角度分析造成小企業(yè)銀行信貸困境的主要原因所在,主要是由于銀行獲取小企業(yè)的信息過程通常是軟信息的生產(chǎn)過程,該過程無法標準化、數(shù)量化,因此銀行獲取信息成本過高,影響了銀行為小企業(yè)提供貸款的動力。 接下來,本文從實證的角度,驗證小企業(yè)在國有大型商業(yè)銀行是否存在融資缺口及是否被歧視對待,側面證實小企業(yè)融資的最佳渠道是通過城商行這類具有相同資產(chǎn)級別、更重視小企業(yè)軟信息的金融機構進行信貸融資；其次,進一步研究影響小企業(yè)在城商行中進行貸款的主要因素是由于信息不對稱的存在,小企業(yè)在城商行進行融資是存在著顯著的關系型借貸。從而得出,小企業(yè)融資融資困境的主要原因是：一,從技術層面出發(fā),金融機構為了避免信息不對稱帶來的不確定性會對小企業(yè)歧視對待：二,從機構組織機構出發(fā),金融機構的不同內(nèi)部組織結構會影響信息類型生產(chǎn)的選擇,從而決定了金融機構會選擇更適合分析的信息種類作為融資決策的主要考慮因素；三,從國家宏觀經(jīng)濟環(huán)境出發(fā),融資渠道的進入壁壘也會影響,對小企業(yè)融資的供給量。 最后,本論文將包商銀行作為城商行進行小企業(yè)融資的成功案例,找出城商行解決小企業(yè)融資問題的途徑。通過其獨特的貸前交叉檢驗分析及貸后等額還款計劃,有效的解決了信息不對稱和財務報表不完善等給城商行帶來的融資不確定性。同時,從小企業(yè)本身及宏觀經(jīng)濟層面,提出改善小企業(yè)融資現(xiàn)狀的建議。
[Abstract]:With the reform and opening up of our country, small enterprises have developed rapidly and the overall scale has gradually expanded, which plays an important role in the development of national economy, the solution of employment problems, the promotion of urbanization, and the narrowing of the gap between urban and rural areas. However, due to asymmetric information, poor credit system, high management risk, non-standard management, institutional constraints and other reasons, small enterprises are still facing a serious financing gap, which restricts their sustainable development. However, most of the current literature is based on small and medium-sized enterprises as the research object, the financing needs of medium-sized enterprises have been fully met, the real difficulty is small enterprises. If the financing problems of medium and small enterprises are confused, the essence of financing problems of enterprises in our country will be masked objectively, the judgment direction of people will be misled, and the pertinence of financial policy formulation will be affected. Therefore, the study of this paper has great practical significance. The information asymmetry theory, which originated in the 1970's, has well expounded the financing difficulty of small enterprises. In order to avoid adverse selection and moral hazard caused by asymmetric information, the banks will treat the financing needs of small enterprises more carefully in order to avoid the adverse selection and moral hazard caused by asymmetric information. Based on the market analysis of small business credit financing, this paper analyzes the supply and demand of small business financing market by using economic principles, and proves that there is a huge financing gap in small business loans, and bank credit is an important financing channel for small enterprises. Small businesses can be provided with the funds they need. Then, based on the theory of asymmetric information, the paper analyzes the main reasons for the credit dilemma of small business banks, mainly because the process of obtaining information from small enterprises is usually the production process of soft information, and the process can not be standardized. As a result, the cost of obtaining information for banks is too high, which affects the power of banks to provide loans to small businesses. Then, from the empirical point of view, this paper verifies whether there is a financing gap in large state-owned commercial banks and whether they are discriminated against. The best way to finance small enterprises is to have the same asset class through the city commercial banks. Financial institutions that pay more attention to the soft information of small enterprises carry out credit financing. Secondly, the main factors that affect the loans of small enterprises in urban commercial banks are the existence of information asymmetry. There is a significant relationship-based lending for small businesses in the city's commercial banks. It is concluded that the main reasons for the financing dilemma of small enterprises are: first, from the technical level, financial institutions will discriminate against small enterprises in order to avoid the uncertainty brought about by asymmetric information; second, from the institutional organization, Different internal organizational structure of financial institutions will affect the choice of information type production, which determines that financial institutions will choose more suitable types of information for analysis as the main considerations in financing decision-making. Third, from the national macroeconomic environment, Access barriers to financing channels will also affect the supply of financing to small businesses. In the end, this paper takes the contractor bank as a successful case of small business financing, and finds out the way to solve the financing problem of small business. Through its unique pre-credit cross-test analysis and the loan-to-loan equivalent repayment plan, effectively solve the information asymmetry and financial statements such as imperfect financing uncertainty brought to the city commercial banks. At the same time, the paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the financing status of small enterprises from the aspects of small enterprises themselves and macroeconomics.
【學位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F832.4

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