本文選題：受托人 + 責(zé)任��； 參考：《華僑大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：信托制度起源于英國(guó)，延續(xù)幾百年，到今天已經(jīng)發(fā)展為遍及全世界的、被各國(guó)所承認(rèn)的法律制度。它是一種由委托人給予信任將財(cái)產(chǎn)托付與受托人，由受托人為了受益人的利益以及為了實(shí)現(xiàn)某一目的，，管理處分財(cái)產(chǎn)的一種財(cái)產(chǎn)管理機(jī)制。在信托關(guān)系的各方當(dāng)事人中，受托人始終處于核心地位。從一項(xiàng)信托自成立到終止的各階段來(lái)看，委托人或受益人都可以暫時(shí)缺失①，但是惟獨(dú)不能缺少受托人。各國(guó)信托法為了保證信托制度的靈活性、充分利用受托人的理財(cái)能力、發(fā)揮物之經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，都賦予了受托人極大的空間。正是這樣的靈活空間，暗藏著受托人以各種手段使得信托利益被侵蝕的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。受托人責(zé)任制度一方面對(duì)受托人行為起到約束、指引的作用，另一方面也在信托財(cái)產(chǎn)受損后對(duì)其進(jìn)行恢復(fù)、彌補(bǔ)。因此，受托人責(zé)任制度對(duì)信托關(guān)系的存續(xù)意義重大。 我國(guó)于20世紀(jì)初曾引入信托制度，但中華人民共和國(guó)建立后不久即被廢止，直到2001年4月28日《信托法》頒布，并于同年10月施行�！吨腥A人民共和國(guó)信托法》在維護(hù)信托各方當(dāng)事人的合法權(quán)益、保障信托行業(yè)的發(fā)展等方面起到了十分重要的作用，也為信托業(yè)帶來(lái)了良好的發(fā)展時(shí)機(jī)。但是，我國(guó)信托法規(guī)有關(guān)信托受托人民事責(zé)任的規(guī)定也存在諸多不完善之處。有關(guān)受托人民事責(zé)任的規(guī)定過(guò)于零散，不成體系，也沒(méi)有明確受托人民事責(zé)任的性質(zhì)、歸責(zé)原則、過(guò)錯(cuò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等問(wèn)題，一定程度上制約了信托制度應(yīng)有功效的發(fā)揮。 除前言與結(jié)語(yǔ)外，本文分為六個(gè)章節(jié)： 第一章分析了信托受托人民事責(zé)任的法律內(nèi)涵。首先，該章從法律責(zé)任概念出發(fā)，對(duì)受托人民事責(zé)任進(jìn)行定義。其次，再以法律責(zé)任構(gòu)成要件的共性為立足點(diǎn)，代入受托人民事責(zé)任的特殊性，對(duì)受托人民事責(zé)任的特征進(jìn)行了深入解析。 第二章討論了受托人民事責(zé)任產(chǎn)生的基礎(chǔ)——受托人義務(wù)。該章結(jié)合各國(guó)立法與學(xué)界關(guān)于受托人義務(wù)的觀點(diǎn)，分別討論了忠實(shí)義務(wù)、注意義務(wù)、分別管理義務(wù)、親自管理義務(wù)、共同管理義務(wù)、公平義務(wù)、信息提供義務(wù)七項(xiàng)。其中著重歸納總結(jié)了利益沖突的三種情形與注意義務(wù)的兩種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 第三章在分析英美信托法與大陸法系信托法中有關(guān)受托人民事責(zé)任性質(zhì)的主要觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，分別對(duì)違約性與侵權(quán)性進(jìn)行討論，得出受托人民事責(zé)任兼具違約性和侵權(quán)性雙重性質(zhì)。 第四章從民事責(zé)任歸責(zé)原則的一般理論入手，討論了各國(guó)對(duì)于歸責(zé)原則的選擇，得出受托人民事責(zé)任應(yīng)以過(guò)錯(cuò)責(zé)任為主、過(guò)錯(cuò)推定與嚴(yán)格責(zé)任為輔的結(jié)論。同時(shí)在該章的最后分析了受托人民事責(zé)任重過(guò)錯(cuò)的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 第五章論述了受托人民事責(zé)任的具體內(nèi)容。包括受托人民事責(zé)任承擔(dān)方式：復(fù)原財(cái)產(chǎn)、補(bǔ)償損失、被解任、完備、披露相關(guān)記錄；以及受托人民事責(zé)任的免責(zé)：法定免責(zé)事由與約定免責(zé)事由。其中比較分析了各國(guó)關(guān)于法定免責(zé)事由的規(guī)定，認(rèn)為我國(guó)信托法對(duì)此規(guī)定存在較大漏洞，使得受托人權(quán)利與義務(wù)失衡。 第六章首先對(duì)我國(guó)信托法立法現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了深入分析，總結(jié)出在注意義務(wù)、忠實(shí)義務(wù)、信托目的、歸責(zé)原則、過(guò)錯(cuò)認(rèn)定方面的缺失。最后在評(píng)價(jià)我國(guó)信托法關(guān)于受托人責(zé)任規(guī)定現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了自己對(duì)信托法完善的建議：明確注意義務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、完善忠實(shí)義務(wù)規(guī)定、增加免責(zé)事由規(guī)定、改革過(guò)錯(cuò)形式立法模式。
[Abstract]:The trust system, which originated in Britain, has been developed into a legal system that has been developed throughout the world for hundreds of years, and is recognized by various countries. It is a property management mechanism by the trustee to trust the property and the trustee, the beneficiary for the benefit of the beneficiary and the management of the property for the purpose of achieving a certain purpose. In all parties to the trust relationship, the trustee is always at the core. From the stages of a trust from the establishment to the termination of the trust, the principal or beneficiary can be temporarily missing, but only the trustee can not lack the trustee. The trust law of the state makes full use of the trustee's ability to manage the financial ability and make full use of the trustee's financial ability. The economic benefit of the object endows the trustee with great space. It is such a flexible space that concealed the risk that the trustee will be eroded by various means. The trustee's responsibility system, on the one hand, restrains the behavior of the trustee, and the role of the trustee, on the other hand, to restore the trustee after the trust property is damaged, and make up for it. The accountability system of the trustee is of great significance to the existence of the trust relationship.
The trust system was introduced in our country at the beginning of twentieth Century, but soon after the establishment of People's Republic of China, it was abolished until April 28, 2001 "the trust law" was promulgated and implemented in October of the same year. The "People's Republic of China trust law" has played a very important role in safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to the trust and ensuring the development of the trust industry. It also brings a good opportunity for the development of the trust industry. However, there are many imperfections in the regulations of trust related to the trustee's responsibility for the trustee in our country. The regulations on the responsibility of the entrusted people are too scattered, not systematic, and there is no definite nature of the responsibility of the trustee, the principle of imputation, the standard of fault, and so on. To a certain extent, the effectiveness of the trust system should be restricted.
In addition to the preface and conclusion, this article is divided into six chapters.
In the first chapter, the legal connotation of the trustee's responsibility is analyzed. First, the chapter defines the responsibility of the entrusted people from the concept of legal responsibility. Secondly, it takes the commonness of the constitutive requirements of the legal responsibility as the foothold, substituting the particularity of the entrusted people's responsibility, and deeply analyzes the characteristics of the civil liability of the trustee.
The second chapter discusses the basis of the trustee's responsibility, which is the basis of the trustee's responsibility. This chapter discusses the duty of loyalty, duty of attention, duty of attention, duty of management, obligation of personal management, duty of management, duty of common management, duty of public management, and obligation of information to provide seven items. There are three situations of interest conflict and two standards of duty of care.
The third chapter, based on the analysis of the main views on the nature of the entrusted people's responsibility in the trust law of the United States and the continental law system, discusses the breach and the torts respectively, and concludes that the responsibility of the trustee has dual nature of breach of contract and tort.
The fourth chapter, starting with the general theory of the principle of civil liability imputation, discusses the choice of the principle of imputation in various countries, and draws the conclusion that the responsibility of the entrusted people should be mainly fault liability, the fault presumption and the strict liability are supplemented. At the same time, the final analysis of the criteria for the determination of the fault of the entrusted people's responsibility and responsibility is to be analyzed at the end of the chapter.
The fifth chapter expounds the specific contents of the responsibility of the entrusted people, including the way of the responsibility of the entrusted people: the restoration of property, the compensation for the loss, the completion, the disclosure of the related records, and the exemption from the responsibility of the entrusted people: the Legal Disclaimer and the agreed disclaimer. Ding believes that there is a big loophole in China's trust law, which makes the trustee's rights and obligations unbalanced.
The sixth chapter makes an in-depth analysis of the status of the legislation of the trust law in China, and summarizes the lack of the duty of attention, the duty of loyalty, the purpose of trust, the principle of imputation and the fault identification. Finally, on the basis of evaluating the status quo of the stipulations of the trustee's responsibility in our country's trust law, it puts forward his own suggestions for the perfection of the trust law: a clear duty of attention. Standards, improve the duty of loyalty, increase the exemption reasons, reform the form of fault legislation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.282

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