本文選題：歐盟　切入點(diǎn)：碳排放權(quán)　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：面對(duì)全球變暖與能源枯竭等問題，西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提出發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略，并把它作為新一輪國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的關(guān)鍵。低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展催生出如碳排放權(quán)交易等與之相關(guān)的金融產(chǎn)品，這一機(jī)制充分發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)作用，能夠以較低的成本完成節(jié)能減排目標(biāo)。歐盟率先建立了碳排放權(quán)交易機(jī)制，即EU-ETS交易機(jī)制，擁有一整套成熟的交易規(guī)則。歐盟碳排放權(quán)交易市場(chǎng)自建立以來，交易量和成交金額逐步上升，成為全世界最大的碳排放權(quán)交易市場(chǎng)。目前歐盟已經(jīng)成功建立起一個(gè)以市場(chǎng)為基礎(chǔ)，政府主導(dǎo)，全社會(huì)共同參與的交易機(jī)制，其所取得的成就是有目共睹的。 中國(guó)的發(fā)展情況與歐盟有著相近之處。首先，歐盟和中國(guó)都屬于工業(yè)化的國(guó)家，中國(guó)的能源產(chǎn)出主要依靠煤和少量的石油、天然氣。第二，歐盟由許多的國(guó)家組成并且每一個(gè)國(guó)家都有著自己的利益。同樣中國(guó)省份眾多，發(fā)展水平也不一致，每個(gè)省份要兼顧經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和政治利益。因此學(xué)習(xí)歐盟碳排放權(quán)交易機(jī)制的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)我國(guó)建設(shè)碳交易市場(chǎng)有著更實(shí)際的意義。 目前我國(guó)GDP占全世界總量的10%，，但能耗卻占到了20%，中國(guó)的碳排放量居世界第一位，減排壓力巨大。同時(shí)作為一個(gè)發(fā)展中的大國(guó)，我國(guó)還肩負(fù)著促進(jìn)社會(huì)平等、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、保護(hù)環(huán)境、人與自然和諧發(fā)展等重任。如何在完成承諾目標(biāo)的同時(shí)，又盡可能地降低成本是我們的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。 我國(guó)碳市場(chǎng)發(fā)展迅速，CDM數(shù)量從2005年27個(gè)發(fā)展到2012年3月的4712個(gè)，增長(zhǎng)速度十分驚人，這充分體現(xiàn)了我國(guó)的減排潛力。根據(jù)國(guó)家計(jì)劃已在北京、上海、重慶、湖北和廣東等7個(gè)省市開始進(jìn)行碳排放權(quán)交易，積極準(zhǔn)備構(gòu)建全國(guó)性的碳市場(chǎng)。但與此同時(shí)，我國(guó)的碳交易市場(chǎng)還存在著產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、缺乏明確的定價(jià)機(jī)制、立法不完善、配套制度不健全、專業(yè)人才缺失等問題。在這一背景下，研究歐盟碳排放權(quán)交易機(jī)制對(duì)我國(guó)建立碳市場(chǎng)有著一定的借鑒價(jià)值與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文首先介紹選題的背景，以及研究的目的與意義，接著闡述了碳排放交易的理論基礎(chǔ)-外部性理論和科斯定理，隨后從制度、需求、供給、價(jià)格、分配、監(jiān)督六個(gè)方面分析碳排放權(quán)交易制度。重點(diǎn)分析了歐盟碳排放權(quán)交易體系，EU ETS運(yùn)行過程有序而復(fù)雜，歐盟內(nèi)部各成員國(guó)有著自己的職責(zé)和義務(wù)，嚴(yán)格遵守交易機(jī)制規(guī)則，實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)定的減排目標(biāo)。但歐盟碳排放權(quán)交易機(jī)制在取得成績(jī)的同時(shí)也存在著一定的問題，遭到了多方的質(zhì)疑。最后總結(jié)概括我國(guó)碳交易市場(chǎng)的現(xiàn)狀及存在的問題，借鑒歐盟碳排放權(quán)交易機(jī)制的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)，彌補(bǔ)本國(guó)不足，合理利用資源優(yōu)勢(shì)，建設(shè)國(guó)內(nèi)碳交易市場(chǎng)，提高對(duì)于氣候變化的適應(yīng)性。
[Abstract]:In the face of global warming and energy depletion and other issues, the western developed countries put forward the development strategy of low carbon economy, and take it as a key to a new round of international competition. The rapid development of low carbon economy spawned such as carbon emissions trading and other related financial products, the mechanism and give full play to the role of the market, to accomplish the goal energy saving and emission reduction at lower cost. The first to establish a carbon emissions trading mechanism, EU-ETS trading mechanism, has a mature set of trading rules. The EU carbon emissions trading market since its establishment, trading volume and turnover rose gradually, become the biggest worldwide carbon emissions trading market. Currently the EU has successfully to establish a market-based, government led, trading mechanism of the participation of the whole society, the achievements are obvious to people.
The development of Chinese and the EU have similarities. First of all, the European Union and China belong to the industrialized countries, China energy output mainly depends on coal and a small amount of oil and natural gas. In second, the EU by many countries and every country has its own interests. The same China many provinces, the level of development it is not the same, each province must take account of the economic, social and political interests. Therefore the study of EU carbon emissions trading system experience has more practical significance for the construction of the carbon trading market in China.
At present, China's GDP accounted for 10% of the total in the world, but the energy consumption has accounted for 20% of carbon emissions, the Chinese ranks first in the world, huge pressure to reduce emissions. At the same time, as a developing country, our country also shoulder to promote social equality, economic development, protect the environment, the harmonious development between man and nature. How to complete the task. In the commitment to the goal at the same time, it is possible to reduce the cost of the US is a pressing matter of the moment.
China's carbon market is developing rapidly, the CDM number from 2005 27 to March 2012 4712, the growth rate is very alarming, this fully reflects China's emission reduction potential. According to the national plan has been in Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Hubei and Guangdong and other 7 provinces to carry out carbon emissions trading, actively preparing for the construction of the country the carbon market. But at the same time, China's carbon trading market there are still irrational industrial structure, lack of clear pricing mechanism, imperfect legislation, supporting system is not perfect, lack of professional talents. In this context, the research of the EU carbon emissions trading mechanism has a certain reference value and practical significance on the establishment of carbon market in China.
This paper first introduces the research background, the purpose and significance of the study, then expounds the theoretical basis of carbon emission trading externality theory and Coase theorem, then from the system, demand, supply, price, distribution, the six aspects of supervision and analysis of carbon emissions trading system. Focus on the analysis of the EU carbon emissions trading system EU, ETS running orderly and complex, EU member state with their duties and obligations, strictly abide by the rules of the trading mechanism, the implementation of the provisions of the emission reduction targets. But the EU carbon emissions trading mechanism in the achievements at the same time, there are also some problems, has been questioned. Finally summed up the status quo carbon trading market in China and the existing problems, learn from the development experience of the EU carbon emissions trading mechanism, to make up for their lack of rational use of resources, the construction of domestic carbon trading market, improve the climate for Adaptability of change.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X32;F831.51

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