本文關(guān)鍵詞： 農(nóng)村小額信貸 信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制 欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：小額信貸，一般是指專門向低收入群體或微型企業(yè)提供的額度較小的信貸金融服務(wù)。小額信貸的核心要素在于其針對(duì)的對(duì)象是貧困群體或中低收入社會(huì)階層，故從始至終帶有社會(huì)本位或扶持弱勢(shì)群體的目標(biāo)價(jià)值色彩。農(nóng)村小額信貸專指以農(nóng)戶、農(nóng)村小工商戶、農(nóng)村經(jīng)營(yíng)戶等為信貸對(duì)象的小額信貸。農(nóng)村小額信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制基本理論主要包括傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)融資理論、農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)主導(dǎo)理論、不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)理論。 信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，意指由于信貸借款人無(wú)法按期足額還款而導(dǎo)致金融機(jī)構(gòu)無(wú)法按期足額收回本金及利息進(jìn)而造成損失，或者因內(nèi)部或外部因素導(dǎo)致金融機(jī)構(gòu)承受損失的可能性。若想使農(nóng)村小額信貸獲得可持續(xù)性發(fā)展，就必然要對(duì)相關(guān)商業(yè)銀行或金融機(jī)構(gòu)的信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行有效控制。 欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)農(nóng)村小額信貸的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制無(wú)法擺脫特定金融環(huán)境的限制與影響。我國(guó)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)農(nóng)村金融環(huán)境的特點(diǎn)包括：欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)農(nóng)村領(lǐng)域的金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要高于其他地區(qū)，廣大農(nóng)民對(duì)農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)缺乏正確認(rèn)識(shí)并疏于對(duì)其進(jìn)行有效監(jiān)督且從眾心理嚴(yán)重，農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)抵御金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力相對(duì)不足。我國(guó)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)農(nóng)村小額信貸的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)類型包括信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和利率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 我國(guó)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)農(nóng)村小額信貸事業(yè)在信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制方面面臨的問(wèn)題主要表現(xiàn)為，農(nóng)戶自身經(jīng)濟(jì)能力嚴(yán)重欠缺，農(nóng)民信用意識(shí)普遍缺失，農(nóng)戶承受外部環(huán)境壓力過(guò)大等；在管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制方面面臨的問(wèn)題主要表現(xiàn)為，信用調(diào)查工作不到位，信用等級(jí)評(píng)級(jí)不合理，貸后監(jiān)管措施不嚴(yán)密等；在利率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制方面面臨的問(wèn)題主要表現(xiàn)為，信貸成本較高，利率厘定不準(zhǔn)，，補(bǔ)償機(jī)制缺位等。 對(duì)我國(guó)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)農(nóng)村小額信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制的相關(guān)建議包括：在信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制方面，應(yīng)想方設(shè)法提升農(nóng)民信用意識(shí)，全面建構(gòu)配套服務(wù)機(jī)制，審慎處理與當(dāng)?shù)卣P(guān)系。在管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制方面，應(yīng)不斷優(yōu)化與規(guī)范信用調(diào)查工作，對(duì)小額信貸申請(qǐng)進(jìn)行實(shí)質(zhì)性審查、全面實(shí)行動(dòng)態(tài)化信用檔案管理。在利率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制方面，應(yīng)以節(jié)約成本為導(dǎo)向強(qiáng)化內(nèi)部管理措施、建立科學(xué)利率厘定機(jī)制、探索建構(gòu)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制等。
[Abstract]:Microfinance, generally refers specifically to the low-income groups or micro enterprises small amount of credit and financial services. The core elements of microfinance is the targeted poor or low-income stratum, the target value of color is from beginning to end with a social standard or to support vulnerable groups. Rural microfinance refers to rural households. Small businesses, such as rural households credit object of microfinance. The rural micro credit risk control theory mainly includes the traditional agriculture financing theory, rural market theory, imperfect competition market theory.
Credit risk means, because credit borrowers cannot make full repayment due to financial institutions unable to recover the principal and interest in full and cause losses, or because of internal or external factors lead to the possibility of financial institutions to bear the loss. In order to make the rural microfinance sustainable development, effectively control must be related to commercial banks or financial institutions credit risk.
The development of underdeveloped areas of rural credit and risk control can not get rid of restriction and influence of specific financial environment. Including the characteristics of rural financial environment in underdeveloped regions of China: rural areas in underdeveloped areas of the financial risk is higher than other regions, the majority of farmers in rural financial institutions, the lack of a correct understanding and neglect of effective supervision and conformity the serious psychological, the relative lack of ability of rural financial institutions to resist financial risks. The risk types of rural microfinance in developed regions including China's credit risk management, risk and interest rate risk.
China's underdeveloped areas of rural microcredit in face of credit risk control is the main problem of the farmer's own economic capacity, the lack of serious lack of farmers' awareness of credit, farmers bear external environmental pressure is too large; faced in the management of risk control is the main problem, credit investigation is not in place, credit rating after the loan is not reasonable, regulatory measures are not strict; in the face of interest rate risk control is the main problem, the high cost of credit, interest rate determination allowed, compensation mechanism is vacant.
Including the relevant suggestions in developed areas of rural micro credit risk control of China's debt: in the aspect of credit risk control, the ways to enhance the farmers' credit consciousness, constructing a comprehensive supporting service mechanism, the relationship between care with the local government. In the aspect of the management of risk control, should constantly optimization and regulation of credit investigation, the substantive review of microfinance the credit application, the full implementation of the dynamic management of credit archives. In terms of the interest rate risk control, in order to save the cost oriented to strengthen internal management measures, establish a scientific interest rate setting mechanism, explore the construction of risk compensation mechanism.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F832.43

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