本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國現(xiàn)行住房公積金制度研究　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 住房公積金 各國住房保障 房地產(chǎn)調(diào)控 完善制度

【摘要】：住房公積金作為我國一項重要的住房保障制度，是在我國住房分配方式逐漸從實物分配向貨幣分配轉(zhuǎn)變的改革過程中的一項變革性制度創(chuàng)新結(jié)果。我國住房公積金制度是在借鑒新加坡住房公積金制度的基礎(chǔ)上建立起來的。住房公積金由職工本人和職工所在單位按職工工資一定比例共同繳存，政府集中管理，繳存資金歸繳存者個人所有，主要用于住房消費互助保障。這項制度從建立之初到現(xiàn)在經(jīng)歷近二十年的發(fā)展，極大推動了我國城鎮(zhèn)住房建設(shè)，提高了職工的住房消費能力，在很大程度上改善了城鎮(zhèn)職工的住房條件，也為政策性住房金融體系的發(fā)展做出了不可忽視的貢獻。 然而，在當(dāng)今經(jīng)濟社會高速發(fā)展、房價攀升到超出許多人消費能力的程度的背景下，住房公積金制度自身的一些缺陷逐漸凸顯。在機構(gòu)設(shè)置方面，公積金管理中心體制不順、職能不清；運行模式方面，公積金覆蓋面小，公平缺失，且區(qū)域協(xié)作不足，限制了普遍性住房保障作用的發(fā)揮，也違背了惠及廣大中低收入群體的初衷；管理使用方面，住房公積金使用率低，地區(qū)發(fā)展不平衡，監(jiān)管機制不完善，對保障房支持角色不明等。這一系列缺陷的存在致使住房公積金制度的住房保障能力嚴重弱化，職工購房時無法從公積金處得到強有力的支持，因此也導(dǎo)致了人們對住房公積金制度的現(xiàn)實作用乃至存在意義生出疑慮。政府需遵循執(zhí)政為民的原則，與時俱進地對這一制度進行發(fā)展和完善，才能進一步發(fā)展住房保障體系，讓其真正惠及廣大職工群眾，為解決群眾住房問題提供切實幫助，以促進和諧社會的構(gòu)建。 一些發(fā)達國家在建設(shè)住房保障體系的過程中起步早，發(fā)展也已較為成熟，有不少發(fā)現(xiàn)問題和解決問題的寶貴經(jīng)驗，值得我國認真研究和學(xué)習(xí)。例如，美國住房保障的充分法制化，發(fā)達的住房金融，日本完善的法規(guī)建設(shè)和優(yōu)惠的住房政策，德國為構(gòu)建房籌資形成的互助合作融資的住房儲蓄制度，新加坡以政府為主導(dǎo)建立起來的住房公積金保障制度、差別公有住宅補貼等——這些都可作為我國發(fā)展住房保障體系的重要參考和啟示。我國在住房保障制度建設(shè)完善中，應(yīng)進一步凸顯政府干預(yù)主體地位，一方面提高居民支付能力，另一方面加強保障房建設(shè)擴大住房供給，如若僅靠市場調(diào)節(jié)，很大一部分居民的住房問題無法得到妥善解決；并加強立法盡快形成較為完整的住房保障法律體系，堅決打擊因法律漏洞而頻現(xiàn)的腐敗現(xiàn)象，保證住房保障體系的健康發(fā)展；此外還應(yīng)在防范風(fēng)險的前提下加強金融創(chuàng)新，提高住房公積金資金使用效率和住房體系的健康向上發(fā)展。 在借鑒主要發(fā)達國家成功經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上，立足我國現(xiàn)實國情，結(jié)合當(dāng)前房地產(chǎn)調(diào)控政策和加快完善住房公積金制度的精神，本文從三個方面提出完善住房公積金制度的舉措：其一完善制度。明確公積金管理中心定位，短期內(nèi)理順其和商業(yè)銀行的委托-代理關(guān)系，提高資金使用效率和安全性，長期令其向政策性金融機構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變，強化歸集，擴大住房公積金覆蓋面，使全體勞動者最終都能享受住房公積金帶來的福利；其二體制創(chuàng)新。考慮到房價上漲，建立繳存率與地方房價聯(lián)動機制，提供向中低收入群體傾斜的各式貸款優(yōu)惠政策，建立統(tǒng)一的公積金服務(wù)平臺，破除屬地管理造成的阻礙，進一步便利住房公積金的使用；其三優(yōu)化管理，規(guī)范公積金運營管理流程，確保信息公開透明合理運營，并促進公積金保值增值，在依照國家法規(guī)大力支持保障房建設(shè)的同時，保證住房公積金資金使用的合規(guī)、安全和高效。 住房公積金在歷史上曾為解決居民住房問題起到過舉足輕重的作用，它勢必要在住房保障體系中被賦予基石性的地位。面對住房公積金制度陸續(xù)暴露出的種種弊端和不足，政府需積極采取措施對其發(fā)展完善，使其順應(yīng)時代發(fā)展需求，及時克服諸多弱點，真正成為行之有效的制度，造福廣大勞動者尤其是中低收入群體。這是與廣大人民群眾切身福祉息息相關(guān)的舉措，，也是建設(shè)社會主義和諧社會的根本要求，事關(guān)國計民生和長治久安，任重道遠。只有做好住房公積金制度的改革和完善工作，才能更為充分地支持人民群眾的住房需求，從而更好地為廣大人民群眾的利益服務(wù)。
[Abstract]:The housing provident fund as an important part of China's housing security system, innovation is the results of a change of system reform process in our country housing distribution gradually from physical distribution to monetary distribution in the transformation. China's housing provident fund system is established on the basis of the housing provident fund system in Singapore on the housing provident fund by the workers. I and the unit employees wages of a certain proportion of common deposit, the government centralized management of funds deposited by the individual contributor, mainly for housing consumption. Mutual protection of this system from the beginning of the establishment to now has nearly twenty years of development, has greatly promoted China's urban housing construction, improve employee housing consumption capacity the town, improve the housing conditions of workers to a great extent, also made a significant contribution to the development of the housing finance system and policy.
However, with the rapid development of the economic society, rising prices beyond the consumption capacity of many degree of background, some defects of the housing provident fund system itself is increasingly prominent. In terms of organization, fund management center system, function is not clear; the operation mode, the provident fund coverage is small, the lack of fairness, and lack of regional cooperation that limits the universal housing security role, also against the benefit of low-income groups in mind; the use of housing provident fund management, low utilization rate, the imbalance in regional development, the regulatory mechanism is not perfect, to support low-income housing. This role is unknown exist a series of defects of the housing security capacity resulting in the housing provident fund system a serious weakening of workers buyers cannot receive strong support from the fund, therefore lead to the reality of the role of people on the housing provident fund system is To give birth to the meaning of existence. The government should follow the doubts about the principle, the times on the system of the development and improvement of housing security system in order to further the development, to really benefit the masses of workers, to provide practical help to solve the housing problems of the masses, to promote the building of a harmonious society.
Some developed countries in the process of the construction of housing security system in the early start, development has been more mature, there are a lot of valuable experience and solve problems, it is worth our careful study and learning. For example, the United States fully legalized housing security, developed housing finance, Japan perfect regulations and preferential policies of housing construction to construct the financing form, Germany cooperation financing housing savings system, Singapore government established as the leading housing provident fund system, the difference of public housing subsidies - all of which can be used as an important reference and Enlightenment for the development of China's housing security system. In our country, the construction of housing security system should be further perfected, highlights on the one hand, government intervention subject status, improve the residents ability to pay, on the other hand, to strengthen the construction of low-income housing to expand housing supply, if only by market regulation, great Some residents of the housing problem can not be solved properly; to strengthen the legislation and formed a relatively complete legal system of housing security as soon as possible, and resolutely crack down due to loopholes and frequent corruption, ensure the healthy development of the housing security system; also should strengthen financial innovation risk in the premise of improving efficiency in the use of funds and housing provident fund the healthy development of the housing system.
On the basis of the successful experience of major developed countries, based on the actual situation in China, combined with the current real estate control policies and accelerate the improvement of the housing provident fund system, this paper improve the housing provident fund system measures from three aspects: first, improve the system of fund management center. Clear positioning, straighten out and commissioned its commercial banks - the agency relationship in the short term, the use of funds to improve the efficiency and safety, long-term change, to make policy financial institutions to strengthen the collection, expand the coverage of housing provident fund, so that all workers will eventually enjoy the benefits of the housing provident fund; system innovation. Taking into account the price rise, to establish linkage mechanism of the deposit rate and local prices, provide preferential all kinds of loan policy to low-income groups, the establishment of a provident fund unified service platform, to get rid of obstacles caused by territorial management, further Ease of use of housing provident fund; the optimal management, standardize the provident fund operation management process, to ensure open and transparent information reasonable operation, and promote the value of the fund, in accordance with national laws and regulations to support the construction of low-income housing at the same time, to ensure the compliance of housing provident fund use, safe and efficient.
Housing provident fund in history to solve the problem of housing residents played a pivotal role, it is necessary in the housing security system is endowed with fundamental position. Facing the disadvantages of housing provident fund system has exposed and deficiencies, the government must take active measures to improve its development, so as to adapt to the development needs of the times, in a timely manner to overcome many weaknesses, really become the effective system for the benefit of the majority of workers, especially low-income groups. This is closely related to the immediate well-being of the masses initiatives, but also the fundamental requirement of building socialism harmonious society, is beneficial to the people's livelihood and long period of stability, the reform has a long way to go. Only do the housing provident fund system and perfect the work, in order to more demand for housing the full support of the masses, so as to better serve the interests of the masses.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F299.23;D632.1

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