本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國(guó)小額貸款公司風(fēng)險(xiǎn)研究　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 小額貸款公司 金融系統(tǒng) 風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 對(duì)策建議

【摘要】：在2005年12月，我國(guó)真正意義上的小額貸款公司出現(xiàn)，此前的小額貸款組織多是由政府或者民間的非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)投資成立的，以扶助貧困地區(qū)發(fā)展為目標(biāo)。這類(lèi)機(jī)構(gòu)通常具有福利性質(zhì)，缺乏運(yùn)營(yíng)持續(xù)性的保證。而在2005年末開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)的小額貸款公司，其經(jīng)營(yíng)的目的是為了盈利，具有持續(xù)的自主經(jīng)營(yíng)能力，在其誕生初期就被廣泛的寄以厚望，長(zhǎng)期困擾中小企業(yè)、農(nóng)戶(hù)以及個(gè)體工商業(yè)戶(hù)的融資困難問(wèn)題有望通過(guò)小貸公司得到解決。 推進(jìn)小額貸款行業(yè)的發(fā)展，，對(duì)小額貸款公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)進(jìn)行扶持，不僅可以使我國(guó)廣大的中小企業(yè)、農(nóng)戶(hù)以及個(gè)體工商業(yè)戶(hù)獲得幫助，在對(duì)民間借貸市場(chǎng)的規(guī)范方面也能起到一定的作用，使我國(guó)金融行業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)更加完善，推動(dòng)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)整體的健康有序發(fā)展。 小額貸款公司在我國(guó)通常以一般工商企業(yè)的形式存在，其監(jiān)督管理工作有當(dāng)?shù)氐慕鹑谵k負(fù)責(zé)，我國(guó)的銀監(jiān)會(huì)以及人民銀行共同為其運(yùn)作進(jìn)行規(guī)范指導(dǎo)。當(dāng)前我國(guó)的監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)將多項(xiàng)束縛加諸于小貸公司中，譬如我國(guó)的小貸公司不能吸收存款，并不能設(shè)定浮動(dòng)的放款利率，在課稅以及其他方面，小貸公司也受到相當(dāng)程度的限制。 因?yàn)槲覈?guó)的小額貸款行業(yè)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直屬于試驗(yàn)階段，對(duì)于其管理制度的制定也在逐步的摸索中，所以國(guó)家對(duì)于小貸公司在政策上的束縛不僅使該行業(yè)在擴(kuò)張速度上受到了制約，也使得相關(guān)的管理規(guī)定難以同實(shí)際的行業(yè)變化相適應(yīng)。其具體表現(xiàn)在以下五個(gè)方面：一、后繼資金來(lái)源受到制約；二、定價(jià)靈活性受到束縛；三、沉重的稅負(fù)；四、壓縮的生存空間；五、受限的市場(chǎng)空間。 小額貸款公司面臨著不小的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，究其原因，大致是由包括人員風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、流動(dòng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、合規(guī)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及戰(zhàn)略風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在內(nèi)的企業(yè)內(nèi)部的因素以及包括法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，政策風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、行業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及客戶(hù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在內(nèi)的宏觀外部因素引發(fā)的。 為了使小額貸款公司能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的有效規(guī)避，在對(duì)中小企業(yè)、農(nóng)戶(hù)以及個(gè)體工商業(yè)戶(hù)的服務(wù)中最大程度的發(fā)揮效用，在小額貸款公司內(nèi)部進(jìn)行改革以提高其自身對(duì)于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的抵抗能力的同時(shí)，我國(guó)各級(jí)政府以及金融管理部門(mén)也應(yīng)當(dāng)出臺(tái)相關(guān)的法規(guī)政策，對(duì)小額貸款公司的合法權(quán)益進(jìn)行保障，最終推動(dòng)整個(gè)小額貸款行業(yè)的健康有序發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In December 2005, microfinance companies in the real sense of our country appeared. Before that, most of the microfinance organizations were invested by the government or non-governmental non-profit organizations. The aim is to support the development of poor areas. Such institutions are usually of a welfare nature and lack the guarantee of continuity of operation. The microfinance companies that began to appear in end of 2005 were run for profit. With the ability of continuous self-management, it is widely expected in the early stage of its birth, long-term troubled small and medium-sized enterprises, farmers and individual industrial and commercial households financing difficulties are expected to be resolved through small loan companies. To promote the development of microfinance industry, to support the operation of microfinance companies, can not only help the vast number of small and medium-sized enterprises, farmers and individual industrial and commercial households in China. It can also play a certain role in the regulation of the private lending market, make the structure of our financial industry more perfect, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the whole social economy. Microfinance companies usually exist in the form of general industrial and commercial enterprises in our country, and the local financial offices are responsible for their supervision and management. China's Banking Regulatory Commission and the people's Bank of China work together to regulate its operation. At present, our country's regulatory agencies will impose a number of constraints on small loan companies, such as our country's small loan companies can not absorb deposits. It is not possible to set floating lending rates, and small lenders are subject to considerable restrictions on taxes and other aspects. Because China's microfinance industry has long been a pilot stage, the establishment of its management system is also in the process of exploration. So the government's policy constraints on small lending companies not only restrict the expansion rate of the industry. It also makes the relevant management regulations difficult to adapt to the actual changes in the industry. Its specific performance in the following five aspects: first, the source of subsequent funds is restricted; Second, pricing flexibility is constrained; Third, heavy tax burden; Fourth, compressed living space; Fifth, limited market space. Microfinance companies are faced with a large number of risks, the reason for which is generally composed of personnel risk, management risk, liquidity risk. Internal factors including compliance risk and strategic risk, as well as macro external factors including legal risk, policy risk, industry risk and customer risk. In order to enable microfinance companies to achieve effective risk aversion, in the small and medium-sized enterprises, farmers and individual industrial and commercial households to maximize the effectiveness of the services. At the same time, the government and financial management departments at all levels of our country should also issue relevant laws and policies while carrying on the reform inside the micro-loan company to improve its own resistance to the risk. To protect the legal rights and interests of microfinance companies, and ultimately promote the healthy and orderly development of the whole microfinance industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F832.4

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