【摘要】：本文以某部系列化軟件工程項(xiàng)目為研究對象,重點(diǎn)闡述了質(zhì)量成本控制理論在軟件項(xiàng)目中的應(yīng)用研究過程。文章從質(zhì)量成本理論中最基本的質(zhì)量成本構(gòu)成概念出發(fā),通過比對質(zhì)量成本構(gòu)成概念中的成本項(xiàng)基本定義與軟件實(shí)施過程中的過程項(xiàng)定義,將軟件實(shí)施過程中產(chǎn)生的成本納入到了質(zhì)量成本分析的理論體系之內(nèi),進(jìn)而通過對財(cái)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)的分析,對在軟件實(shí)施過程中,可能對質(zhì)量成本產(chǎn)生影響的過程項(xiàng)提出了問題假設(shè),認(rèn)為這些問題導(dǎo)致了質(zhì)量成本的上升。再通過對這些問題的進(jìn)一步論證,證明問題的影響程度,并針對這些問題給出了解決建議。在研究過程中,筆者首先通過理論研究方法,對質(zhì)量成本理論的發(fā)展情況進(jìn)行了綜述性研究。通過研究給出了質(zhì)量成本構(gòu)成的基本概念,和對質(zhì)量優(yōu)化理論的相關(guān)介紹。這些理論是進(jìn)行軟件項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量成本優(yōu)化的基礎(chǔ)。在理論基礎(chǔ)上,筆者為了解決本次研究對象的財(cái)務(wù)分析缺乏有效的可供參考的理論框架問題,自行通過比對質(zhì)量成本構(gòu)成中成本項(xiàng)的基本定義與軟件工程過程項(xiàng)的行為定義,將兩種理論統(tǒng)一在一個(gè)理論框架中,搭建了質(zhì)量成本構(gòu)成理論在軟件項(xiàng)目領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的理論框架基礎(chǔ)。在這個(gè)理論框架上,筆者以科學(xué)的態(tài)度,從數(shù)據(jù)獲取途徑、研究方法等方面對項(xiàng)目財(cái)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析�；诮y(tǒng)計(jì)分析的基礎(chǔ),筆者定位到在本項(xiàng)目軟件實(shí)施過程中,預(yù)防成本、鑒定成本與故障成本的比例關(guān)系存在較為嚴(yán)重的問題,其中內(nèi)外部故障成本占到了整體質(zhì)量成本比例的54%以上。并基于質(zhì)量成本分析,通過逆向推導(dǎo),定位到了在軟件實(shí)施過程中,造成故障成本過高的原因。為了證明這些問題的真實(shí)性,筆者通過問卷調(diào)查的方式,對這些問題進(jìn)行了更加細(xì)致的研究調(diào)查。通過統(tǒng)計(jì)分析問卷調(diào)查的結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù),筆者證明了之前提出的導(dǎo)致故障成本上升的8個(gè)問題是真實(shí)存在的。在問題定位的基礎(chǔ)上,筆者針對性的給出了解決建議。以上所述構(gòu)成了本次論文研究的全部內(nèi)容。本次論文工作的創(chuàng)新意義在于質(zhì)量成本優(yōu)化理論在軟件項(xiàng)目實(shí)施過程的應(yīng)用探索研究。另外,在財(cái)務(wù)分析中使用的成本分類歸集方法,借助軟件工程理論以及問卷調(diào)查對問題進(jìn)行分析定位的方法和最后使用質(zhì)量成本優(yōu)化理論指導(dǎo)軟件過程改進(jìn)的思路,都可以為其他遇到類似問題的研究者提供有效參考。
[Abstract]:In this paper, a series of software engineering projects are taken as the research object, and the research process of the application of quality cost control theory in software projects is expounded. Starting from the most basic concept of quality cost constitution in quality cost theory, this paper compares the basic definition of cost term in the concept of quality cost composition with the definition of process item in software implementation. The cost generated in the process of software implementation is brought into the theoretical system of quality cost analysis, and then, through the analysis of financial data, the problem hypothesis is put forward for the process item that may have an impact on quality cost in the process of software implementation. These problems are thought to have led to an increase in quality costs. Through further argumentation of these problems, the influence degree of these problems is proved, and some suggestions are given to solve these problems. In the course of the research, the author firstly summarizes the development of the quality cost theory through the theoretical research method. The basic concept of quality cost composition and the related introduction of quality optimization theory are given. These theories are the basis of software project quality cost optimization. On the basis of theory, in order to solve the problem that the financial analysis of this research object is lack of effective theoretical framework for reference, the author compares the basic definition of cost term in the construction of quality cost with the behavior definition of software engineering process item by comparing the basic definition of cost term and the behavior definition of software engineering process item. The two theories are unified in a single theoretical framework, and the theoretical framework for the application of the quality cost constitution theory in the field of software projects is set up. In this theoretical framework, the author carries on the statistical analysis to the project financial data from the data acquisition way, the research method and so on with the scientific attitude. Based on the statistical analysis, the author points out that in the process of implementing the software of this project, there are serious problems in the proportion of prevention cost, appraisal cost and fault cost. The internal and external fault cost accounted for more than 54% of the overall quality cost. Based on the analysis of quality cost, the reason of high fault cost in the process of software implementation is pointed out by reverse derivation. In order to prove the authenticity of these questions, the author conducted a more detailed investigation on these questions by questionnaire. Through the statistical analysis of the results of the questionnaire, the author proves that the eight problems that lead to the rise of the fault cost are real. On the basis of problem orientation, the author gives some suggestions to solve the problem. All the above constitute the whole content of this paper. The innovative significance of this paper lies in the exploration and research of the application of quality cost optimization theory in the process of software project implementation. In addition, the cost classification and aggregation method used in financial analysis, with the help of software engineering theory and questionnaire survey to analyze and locate the problem and finally use the quality cost optimization theory to guide the software process improvement ideas. Can provide effective reference for other researchers who encounter similar problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院工程管理與信息技術(shù)學(xué)院)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F49;F275

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