【摘要】：國土資源是人類生存和社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎，也是我國社會經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基本保障。我國國土面積廣闊，而人均資源相對稀缺，同時，開發(fā)利用又涉及到諸多紛繁復雜的利益關系，一方面要面對“保發(fā)展保紅線”的雙保難題，另一方面又要保障國民糧食安全，保護資源環(huán)境，現(xiàn)時還要將國土資源作為重要戰(zhàn)略地位參與國家宏觀調(diào)控。因此，積極加強國土資源監(jiān)管力度，科學、合理地開發(fā)利用資源成為現(xiàn)階段擬待解決的迫切問題。 近年來，國土資源部提出要解放思想、改革創(chuàng)新，轉(zhuǎn)變管理理念、職能和方式，從微觀轉(zhuǎn)向宏觀，從重審批轉(zhuǎn)向重監(jiān)管，從重項目實施轉(zhuǎn)向完善制度安排，通過綜合運用法律、行政、經(jīng)濟、科技四大調(diào)控手段，建立“天上看、地上查、網(wǎng)上管”的國土資源管理新體系，強化監(jiān)測監(jiān)管，服務社會公眾。基于此，本文以國土資源監(jiān)管為中心，以其基本業(yè)務屬性分類的土地資源管理、礦產(chǎn)資源管理、地質(zhì)災害防治及應急指揮三個方面為主要研究對象，立足系統(tǒng)論、信息論等多學科理論，采用理論分析與實證研究相結(jié)合、技術設計與綜合示范相補充的研究方法，全面分析國土資源監(jiān)管的內(nèi)涵、目標、主要內(nèi)容，并選擇以地市級國土資源主管部門從決策、執(zhí)法、監(jiān)督三個層面的國土資源監(jiān)管需求為關鍵環(huán)節(jié)，在現(xiàn)代信息技術支撐下搭建智能化國土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺，形成基本分析思路，即按照統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)的思路和方法搭建、設計“決策、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督”三個層面應用、遵循“全面性、整體性、關聯(lián)性、共享性”原則共享、采用“集中同步、分布匯交”模式更新綜合監(jiān)管平臺，在該思路的指導下提出指標監(jiān)管、資源監(jiān)測、災害監(jiān)測、審批監(jiān)管、行政監(jiān)察、應急指揮6種國土資源監(jiān)管模式，形成了實現(xiàn)國土資源監(jiān)管的基本研究框架，構(gòu)建了以信息技術為主的科技手段融入國土資源管理的分層式國土資源監(jiān)管技術體系，為國土資源管理、監(jiān)測監(jiān)管提供了新的思路和方法。 通過本文分析及研究，得出以下主要的研究結(jié)論： （1）立足于系統(tǒng)科學理論，面向國土資源管理，對國土資源監(jiān)管的內(nèi)涵和基本特征進行了深入的剖析和研究，認為國土資源監(jiān)管的最終目標是提高國土資源保障能力和保護水平，促進經(jīng)濟社會全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，提出了基于信息技術支撐下實現(xiàn)國土資源監(jiān)管應遵循的四個基本原則，即統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃加強領導、面向決策服務管理、客觀準確動態(tài)及時、安全規(guī)范穩(wěn)定高效，同時認為國土資源監(jiān)管應在事前、事中、事后三個環(huán)節(jié)對國土資源動態(tài)監(jiān)測與配置、規(guī)劃、利用與保護四個方面實現(xiàn)監(jiān)管，并在此基礎上，，形成國土資源監(jiān)管的基本理論框架。該框架，進一步從管理、業(yè)務層面分析了國土資源監(jiān)管的需求，認為國土資源監(jiān)管貫穿于整個國土資源管理的各個環(huán)節(jié)和過程，總體上共分為三個層次，即：為領導及宏觀調(diào)控提供依據(jù)和服務的決策層面、為基層工作人員在具體執(zhí)行或落實國土資源管理政策及法律法規(guī)等業(yè)務和工作的執(zhí)行層面，以及為中層干部或紀檢部門提供監(jiān)督檢查服務的監(jiān)督層面。 （2）基于上述提出的國土資源監(jiān)管理論框架，提出了搭建國土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺的主要思路，即按照統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)的思路和方法搭建綜合監(jiān)管平臺，設計“決策、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督”三個層次應用綜合監(jiān)管平臺、遵循“全面性、整體性、關聯(lián)性、共享性”原則共享綜合監(jiān)管平臺、采用“集中同步、分布匯交”模式更新綜合監(jiān)管平臺。研究認為實現(xiàn)國土資源監(jiān)管，須從多角度、多層次、多方面進行深入推廣和應用，提出了國土資源監(jiān)管的6種模式，即指標監(jiān)管、資源監(jiān)測、災害監(jiān)測、審批監(jiān)管、行政監(jiān)察和應急指揮。采用分層結(jié)構(gòu)，在信息技術支撐下提出了依托科技手段實現(xiàn)國土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺的五層總體技術架構(gòu)，即提供軟硬件環(huán)境的平臺層、數(shù)據(jù)動態(tài)獲取和采集的監(jiān)測層、用于數(shù)據(jù)存儲和分析的數(shù)據(jù)層、以Web2.0為架構(gòu)的服務層，以及面向用戶的應用層。 （3）采用企業(yè)應用集成（EAI）、硬件虛擬化及網(wǎng)絡負載均衡、軟件即服務（SaaS）、海量空間數(shù)據(jù)高效管理、空間數(shù)據(jù)ETL、空間信息獲取及共享服務、現(xiàn)代通信等技術，在國土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺的總體架構(gòu)下構(gòu)建了實現(xiàn)國土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺的一整套技術體系，并形成了基于移動終端的野外數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)、基于高分辨率遙感圖像的監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)、基于數(shù)據(jù)偵聽技術的業(yè)務辦理監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、基于視頻技術的實時視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、基于衛(wèi)星/3G無線通信技術的遠程視頻會議系統(tǒng)的5種國土資源監(jiān)管方法�；谠摷夹g體系，以成都市為綜合示范試驗區(qū)進行了應用示范，搭建了“1庫3平臺”，即成都市國土資源核心數(shù)據(jù)庫和辦公門戶、數(shù)據(jù)門戶、監(jiān)測指揮（數(shù)據(jù)）中心。 （4）上述國土資源監(jiān)管理論框架及其技術體系所形成的國土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺在成都綜合示范試驗區(qū)應用示范效果良好，并分別在年度衛(wèi)片執(zhí)法檢查、土地利用變化監(jiān)測、土地執(zhí)法動態(tài)巡查及管理、例行督查圖斑分析核查、耕地保護及耕�；鸢l(fā)放核查、地質(zhì)災害監(jiān)測與預警、地質(zhì)災害應急指揮、行政效能監(jiān)察、土地節(jié)約集約利用評價、業(yè)務并聯(lián)審批及反腐倡廉、國土資源現(xiàn)狀分析等方面取得了顯著的應用和示范效果。 本研究的創(chuàng)新認識： （1）以土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、地質(zhì)災害防治及應急指揮為研究對象，面向國土資源管理及其監(jiān)測監(jiān)管，構(gòu)建了國土資源監(jiān)管理論框架，包括國土資源監(jiān)管的主要內(nèi)容及其監(jiān)管環(huán)節(jié)，并以地市級國土資源主管部門出發(fā)，從決策、監(jiān)督、執(zhí)行三個層面分析了國土資源監(jiān)管的需求，提出了搭建國土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺的主要思路，即按照統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)的思路和方法搭建、設計“決策、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督”三個層面應用、遵循“全面性、整體性、關聯(lián)性、共享性”原則共享、采用“集中同步、分布匯交”模式更新綜合監(jiān)管平臺，為國土資源管理提供了新的研究思路。 （2）構(gòu)建了以信息技術為支撐的國土資源監(jiān)管技術體系。國土資源管理具有復雜性、多樣性的特點，國土資源各業(yè)務之間具有相互的關聯(lián)性，例如土地的“征、供、用、保、查”業(yè)務，是相互關聯(lián)、有機聯(lián)系的整體，某類業(yè)務是另一類業(yè)務的基礎和條件；某類業(yè)務的結(jié)果，既是另一類業(yè)務的依據(jù)，也是相關指標變化的根據(jù)。本研究充分依托科技手段，綜合運用和集成多學科的研究方法與手段，突出管理科學與技術學科相結(jié)合，構(gòu)建以數(shù)據(jù)庫管理、空間信息技術、軟件工程技術、網(wǎng)絡技術、無線通信技術等現(xiàn)代信息技術支撐下的國土資源監(jiān)管技術體系，并在國土資源管理的事前、事中、事后三個環(huán)節(jié)通過指標監(jiān)管、資源監(jiān)測、災害監(jiān)測、審批監(jiān)管、行政監(jiān)察、應急指揮六種模式建設和應用，以打通各系統(tǒng)、各平臺、各業(yè)務之間的關聯(lián)關系，實現(xiàn)多種研究方法與手段的有機整合，從而更好地服務于國土資源管理。 （3）以系統(tǒng)論的思想，將國土資源管理以一個相互聯(lián)系、完整有序、動態(tài)變化的整體進行研究，在國土資源監(jiān)管的理論框架及其技術體系的指導下，在成都綜合應用示范區(qū)搭建了成都市國土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺，并取得良好應用效果。傳統(tǒng)的國土資源監(jiān)管或管理大多以單個業(yè)務或少數(shù)幾個業(yè)務進行研究和分析，直接針對其本身存在的問題制定對策和解決辦法，本文以系統(tǒng)論思想作為理論指導綜合運用控制論、現(xiàn)代信息論的基本思路和方法，堅持系統(tǒng)性、整體性為研究理念，將國土資源管理視為一個有機整體，深入研究國土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺與各業(yè)務系統(tǒng)之間的關聯(lián)關系，在整體到局部的層層剖析中把握國土資源監(jiān)管的本質(zhì)特征并打通監(jiān)管平臺與業(yè)務系統(tǒng)、業(yè)務與業(yè)務之間的關聯(lián)關系，建立以“征、供、用、保、查”為主線的國土資源管理模型，于局部到整體的關系之中，面向國土資源決策進行逐級抽象和歸納總結(jié)，構(gòu)建模型尋求國土資源精細化管理之道，并以成都市為綜合應用示范區(qū)，對文中所提出的國土資源監(jiān)管理論框架及其技術體系進行了綜合應用和示范。結(jié)果表明，基于該理論框架及其技術體系所搭建的成都市國土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺，各項性能指標穩(wěn)定，應用示范效果良好，為國土資源管理的各項提供提供了良好的信息和技術服務保障。
[Abstract]:Land and resources are the material basis of human survival and social sustainable development, and also the basic guarantee of social and economic sustainable development in China. On the other hand, it is necessary to safeguard national food security, protect resources and environment, and take land and resources as an important strategic position to participate in national macro-control.
In recent years, the Ministry of Land and Resources has proposed to emancipate the mind, reform and innovate, change management concepts, functions and methods, from micro to macro, from re-examination and approval to supervision, from project implementation to improvement of institutional arrangements, through the comprehensive use of law, administration, economy, science and technology, the establishment of a "heaven, earth, on-line management" of the country. Based on the new system of land and resources management, strengthening monitoring and supervision, serving the public, this paper takes land and resources supervision as the center, land and resources management, mineral resources management, geological hazard prevention and emergency command as the main research objects, based on the system theory, information theory and other multidisciplinary theories, and adopts it. Combining theoretical analysis with empirical research and complementing technical design with comprehensive demonstration, this paper comprehensively analyzes the connotation, objectives and main contents of land and resources supervision, and chooses the land and resources supervision needs of prefectural and municipal authorities as the key link in the modern information technology support. Build an intellectualized land and resources comprehensive supervision platform to form a basic analysis thinking, that is, according to the ideas and methods of urban and rural planning, design "decision-making, implementation, supervision" three levels of application, follow the "comprehensive, integrated, related, shared" principle of sharing, using the "centralized synchronization, distributed convergence" mode to update the comprehensive supervision level. Under the guidance of this idea, Taiwan has put forward six modes of land and resources supervision, namely, index supervision, resource monitoring, disaster monitoring, examination and approval supervision, administrative supervision and emergency command. The basic research framework for land and resources supervision has been formed, and a hierarchical land and resources supervision technology based on information technology has been constructed. The system provides new ideas and methods for land and resources management and monitoring.
Through the analysis and research, the following conclusions can be drawn:
(1) Based on the theory of system science and facing the management of land and resources, the connotation and basic characteristics of land and resources supervision are deeply analyzed and studied. It is considered that the ultimate goal of land and resources supervision is to improve the ability of land and resources protection and to promote the overall, coordinated and sustainable development of economy and society. Four basic principles should be followed to support the implementation of land and resources supervision, namely, unified planning and strengthening leadership, oriented to decision-making service management, objective, accurate, dynamic, timely, safe, standardized, stable and efficient. At the same time, land and resources supervision should be in advance, in the event, after the three links of dynamic monitoring and allocation of land and resources, planning, utilization and protection of the four. On this basis, the basic theoretical framework of land and resources supervision is formed. This framework further analyzes the needs of land and resources supervision from the management and business levels. It is considered that land and resources supervision runs through all the links and processes of land and resources management and is generally divided into three levels, namely, leadership and macro-level. At the decision-making level of providing basis and services for regulation and control, grass-roots staff in the specific implementation or implementation of land and resources management policies and laws and regulations and other business and work of the implementation level, as well as for middle-level cadres or discipline inspection departments to provide supervision and inspection services.
(2) Based on the theoretical framework of land and resources supervision put forward above, the main idea of building a comprehensive land and resources supervision platform is put forward, that is, to build a comprehensive supervision platform according to the ideas and methods of balancing urban and rural areas, to design a comprehensive supervision platform with three levels of "decision-making, implementation and supervision", and to follow the "comprehensiveness, integrity, relevance and sharing". The principle of "centralized synchronization, distributed convergence" is adopted to update the comprehensive supervision platform. The study considers that land and resources supervision should be promoted and applied from various angles, levels and aspects. Six modes of land and resources supervision are put forward, namely, index supervision, resource monitoring, disaster monitoring, examination and approval supervision. Administrative supervision and emergency command.Based on hierarchical structure and supported by information technology,a five-tier overall technical framework is proposed to realize land and resources comprehensive supervision platform by relying on scientific and technological means,that is,providing platform layer of software and hardware environment,monitoring layer of dynamic data acquisition and acquisition,data layer for data storage and analysis,and Web 2.0 framework. The service layer and user oriented application layer.
(3) Using EAI, hardware virtualization and network load balancing, software as a service (SaaS), mass spatial data efficient management, spatial data ETL, spatial information acquisition and sharing services, modern communications and other technologies, a comprehensive land and resources supervision platform is constructed under the overall framework of the comprehensive land and resources supervision platform. A complete set of technical system has been formed, and a field data acquisition system based on mobile terminals, a monitoring system based on high-resolution remote sensing images, a business management monitoring system based on data interception technology, a real-time video monitoring system based on video technology, and a remote video conference system based on satellite/3G wireless communication technology have been developed. Based on this technology system, Chengdu City was used as a comprehensive demonstration test area for application demonstration, and a "1 library 3 platform" was built, that is, Chengdu land and resources core database and office portal, data portal, monitoring and command (data) center.
(4) The above-mentioned theoretical framework of land and resources supervision and the integrated land and resources supervision platform formed by its technical system have been successfully applied in the Chengdu Comprehensive Demonstration Experimental Zone. The platform has been successfully applied in the annual satellite law enforcement inspection, land use change monitoring, land law enforcement dynamic patrol and management, routine inspection, patch analysis and verification, arable land protection and cultivation, respectively. Significant application and demonstration results have been achieved in the fields of fund issuance and verification, geological disaster monitoring and early warning, geological disaster emergency command, administrative efficiency supervision, land conservation and intensive use evaluation, business parallel examination and approval, anti-corruption and honesty, and analysis of land and resources status.
The innovative understanding of this study:
(1) Taking land resources, mineral resources, geological disaster prevention and emergency command as the research objects, and facing the land and resources management and its monitoring and supervision, the theoretical framework of land and resources supervision is constructed, including the main contents and supervision links of land and resources supervision, and starting from the prefectural and municipal authorities in charge of land and resources, the three aspects are decision-making, supervision and implementation. This paper analyzes the requirements of land and resources supervision and puts forward the main ideas of building a comprehensive land and resources supervision platform, that is, to build a comprehensive land and resources supervision platform according to the ideas and methods of urban and rural planning, to design the application of "decision-making, implementation, supervision" in three levels, to follow the principle of "comprehensiveness, integrity, relevance, sharing" and to adopt the principle of "centralized synchronization, distribution and convergence". "Mode updating comprehensive supervision platform provides a new research idea for land and resources management.
(2) The technical system of land and resources supervision supported by information technology has been constructed. Land and resources management has the characteristics of complexity and diversity, and each business of land and resources has mutual correlation. For example, land "acquisition, supply, use, guarantee and survey" business is an interrelated and organic whole, and one kind of business is the basis of another kind of business. The results of a certain type of business are not only the basis of another kind of business, but also the basis of the changes of relevant indicators.This study fully relies on scientific and technological means, comprehensive use and integration of multi-disciplinary research methods and means, highlighting the combination of management science and technology disciplines, to build a database management, spatial information technology, software engineering technology, network. Supported by modern information technology such as network technology and wireless communication technology, the land and resources supervision technology system is constructed and applied in order to open up various systems, platforms and trades through the following six modes: index supervision, resource monitoring, disaster monitoring, examination and approval supervision, administrative supervision and emergency command. The relationship between government affairs can realize the organic integration of various research methods and means so as to better serve the management of land and resources.
(3) With the thought of system theory, the land and resources management is studied as a whole, which is interrelated, complete, orderly and dynamic. Under the guidance of the theoretical framework and technical system of land and resources supervision, the comprehensive supervision platform of land and resources in Chengdu has been set up in the comprehensive application demonstration area, and has achieved good results. Most of the land and resources supervision and management are based on a single business or a few business to study and analyze, directly for its own problems to develop countermeasures and solutions, this paper takes the system theory as a theoretical guide for the comprehensive use of cybernetics, modern information theory, the basic ideas and methods, adhere to the concept of systematic, holistic Research Taking land and resources management as an organic whole, this paper makes a thorough study of the relationship between land and resources comprehensive supervision platform and various business systems, grasps the essential characteristics of land and resources supervision in the overall to local layers of analysis, and opens up the relationship between supervision platform and business system, business and business, and establishes the relationship between "requisition, supply, etc." The land and resources management model with the main line of "protection, investigation" is used to abstract and summarize the land and resources decision-making step by step in the relationship between the part and the whole. The model is constructed to seek the way of fine management of land and resources. The results show that the comprehensive supervision platform of Chengdu's land and resources based on the theoretical framework and its technical system has stable performance indexes and good application demonstration effect, which provides good information and technical service guarantee for the land and resources management.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F49;F205

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