本文選題：服務(wù)貿(mào)易自由化 + 平等接續(xù)　； 參考：《南開(kāi)大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：眾所周知,作為一項(xiàng)通用技術(shù),信息技術(shù)對(duì)于當(dāng)今社會(huì)的作用如同人體的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),對(duì)于我們的生產(chǎn)和生活方式產(chǎn)生了顛覆性的改變。很多研究已經(jīng)證實(shí)信息化是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)新的引擎,一國(guó)信息化的發(fā)展水平與該國(guó)的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力息息相關(guān),因此,在貿(mào)易自由化背景下如何制訂合理的信息業(yè)行業(yè)規(guī)范和相關(guān)法律法規(guī),做好信息化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,發(fā)展本國(guó)的信息產(chǎn)業(yè)顯得尤為重要。 與其他各國(guó)情況相同,臺(tái)灣寬帶電信業(yè)開(kāi)始均由政府獨(dú)占經(jīng)營(yíng),繼美國(guó)和日本在上世紀(jì)80年代相繼實(shí)行了寬帶電信產(chǎn)業(yè)自由化改革之后,臺(tái)灣的電信業(yè)也開(kāi)始了自由化的歷程,主要是逐步放松了市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入,完善行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的相關(guān)法規(guī),在十多年的時(shí)間中,電信業(yè)獲得了蓬勃的發(fā)展,對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的作用也日益凸顯,寬帶電信產(chǎn)業(yè)是國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)大幅成長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)力之一。然而,2002年臺(tái)灣加入世界貿(mào)易組織(World Trade Organization,簡(jiǎn)稱W工O)之后,電信業(yè)卻遭遇前所未有的挑戰(zhàn),世界貿(mào)易組織的紛爭(zhēng)解決案例發(fā)生的趨勢(shì)正逐年增加,事實(shí)證明,臺(tái)灣原有的電信業(yè)行業(yè)規(guī)范和相關(guān)的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策必須作出適應(yīng)的調(diào)整,以期在WTO框架下促進(jìn)臺(tái)灣寬帶電信產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展并進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)其對(duì)于臺(tái)灣經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱作用。 正是籍于此,本文對(duì)于臺(tái)灣加入WTO之后,在服務(wù)貿(mào)易自由化的背景下臺(tái)灣寬帶電信業(yè)所受到的影響進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析,作者認(rèn)為,一方面,WTO貿(mào)易協(xié)定中的專利制度使得臺(tái)灣固有的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)得到削弱,另一方面,服務(wù)貿(mào)易的自由化使得電信業(yè)直接面臨國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng),使得寬帶電信產(chǎn)業(yè)遭受巨大的沖擊,再有就是臺(tái)灣原有的關(guān)于電信業(yè)的相關(guān)規(guī)定在WTO的框架下對(duì)于臺(tái)灣寬帶電信產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展起到了阻礙作用,實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)也驗(yàn)證了我們的結(jié)論。 我們選取中華電信、遠(yuǎn)傳電信和臺(tái)灣大哥大三家電信公司為代表,采用數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析的方法,考察了這三家公司從公元2000年到公元2012年的技術(shù)效率和規(guī)模效率,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)以技術(shù)效率的觀點(diǎn)而言,臺(tái)灣寬帶電信產(chǎn)業(yè)的三家主要電信運(yùn)營(yíng)商的平均總體效率值為95.1%,這表示臺(tái)灣寬帶電信產(chǎn)業(yè)的主要三家運(yùn)營(yíng)商經(jīng)營(yíng)績(jī)效所能改善的空間大約有4.9%的改善空間,以達(dá)到平均總效率最大。由于此一改善空間相較于十年前的26%已有長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步,但是其成長(zhǎng)的速率已有明顯放緩的現(xiàn)象。就規(guī)模效率的面向觀察臺(tái)灣地區(qū)三家指標(biāo)性運(yùn)營(yíng)商的整體投入資源經(jīng)營(yíng)造成約0.1%的無(wú)效率,這意味著臺(tái)灣地區(qū)的電信市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)發(fā)展到飽和程度。 在此基礎(chǔ)上,就臺(tái)灣寬帶電信業(yè)的自由化道路所存在的問(wèn)題和應(yīng)對(duì)策略進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)闡述。目前臺(tái)灣地區(qū)最明顯的第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是如何將執(zhí)照頻譜化及執(zhí)照頻譜化以后所產(chǎn)生的頻譜價(jià)值判斷與可否自由交易等市場(chǎng)交易機(jī)制與電信三法技相關(guān)配討法令如何修整等問(wèn)題,這個(gè)問(wèn)題與臺(tái)灣電信產(chǎn)未來(lái)的發(fā)展的方向是否與先進(jìn)國(guó)家接軌有深遠(yuǎn)的影響。 其次就是解決目前固網(wǎng)市場(chǎng)屬于一家運(yùn)營(yíng)商壟斷的現(xiàn)象(亦即最后一哩的解決機(jī)制),只有這一問(wèn)題最終解決,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)電信業(yè)真正的自由化,促進(jìn)行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng),提高效率。 最后就是數(shù)字匯流的政策必須要盡速調(diào)整,以免搖擺不定造成投資決策者無(wú)所適從,成了臺(tái)灣信市場(chǎng)與有線電視市場(chǎng)厘定阻礙,尤其是數(shù)位內(nèi)容服務(wù)提供商一直被局限在有線電視產(chǎn)業(yè)為大宗。由于寬帶電信產(chǎn)業(yè)特性具備自然獨(dú)占性、垂直整合性、社會(huì)公共性等三大特性,此特性與有線電視產(chǎn)業(yè)的特性大同小異。因?yàn)榕_(tái)灣的數(shù)字匯流政策的搖擺不定使得數(shù)字內(nèi)容服務(wù)的規(guī)模與內(nèi)容將會(huì)有巨幅的擺蕩,同時(shí)為了提升電信事業(yè)的服務(wù)產(chǎn)值以符合全球電信事業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢(shì),因此在電信事業(yè)政策制定時(shí)不可忽視電信事業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)中三大特性的存在,據(jù)此必須探討重要的傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)—有線電視產(chǎn)業(yè)。如何將有線電視系統(tǒng)融入電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)以形成一個(gè)更完整的傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)則須有完整的考慮,換句話說(shuō),此一融和的趨勢(shì)必須以使用者的角度觀察網(wǎng)絡(luò)所提供的服務(wù),絕不可因運(yùn)用不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)提供服務(wù)以至于使用者的使用行為必須配合改變的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生,因此細(xì)究有線電視產(chǎn)電業(yè)傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)后,發(fā)現(xiàn)有兩項(xiàng)法規(guī)面議題必須要討論,其一是平等接續(xù)的義務(wù),其二是用戶回路開(kāi)放義務(wù)。而且如果在技術(shù)面上能將此二大網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)整合則可以大幅的降低新進(jìn)業(yè)者跨入門坎,換句話說(shuō),市場(chǎng)可以融入更多的服務(wù)提供商。另外一個(gè)面向則是在有線電視產(chǎn)業(yè)中的各項(xiàng)數(shù)位內(nèi)容服務(wù)也等待著數(shù)字匯流法修整后可以在電信的傳輸網(wǎng)提供服務(wù),對(duì)于服務(wù)使用者而言,所在意的是數(shù)字服務(wù)內(nèi)容的質(zhì)量與多樣化,至于是運(yùn)用電信傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)或是有線電視系統(tǒng)的傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)并不是重點(diǎn)。因此如能有效的將傳輸實(shí)體網(wǎng)路進(jìn)行有效的整合進(jìn)而有效降低進(jìn)入臺(tái)灣寬帶電信產(chǎn)的門檻與解決經(jīng)營(yíng)者重復(fù)投資的困擾,將會(huì)大幅提升臺(tái)灣寬帶電信產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)值。
[Abstract]:As a general technology, as a general technology, the role of information technology in today's society is like the nervous system of the human body, which has made a subversive change to our production and life style. Many studies have proved that information is a new engine of economic growth, and the development level of a country is closely related to the international competitiveness of the country. Therefore, in the context of trade liberalization, it is very important for us to develop a reasonable information industry standard and relevant laws and regulations, to do a good job of information infrastructure and to develop the information industry in its own country.
In the same situation as other countries, Taiwan's broadband telecom industry began to operate exclusively by the government. Following the liberalization reform of the broadband telecommunications industry in the United States and Japan in the 80s of last century, the telecommunications industry in Taiwan began to liberalized, mainly to relax the market access and improve the related laws and regulations of the industry competition, at ten In the years, the telecom industry has developed vigorously, and the role of the economic growth has become increasingly prominent. The broadband telecom industry is one of the driving forces of the domestic economy. However, after Taiwan joined the World Trade Organization (World Trade Organization, W O) in 2002, the telecommunications industry was confronted with unprecedented challenges and world trade. The trend of the dispute settlement of the organization is increasing year by year. It has been proved that the original telecommunications industry standards and related industrial policies in Taiwan must be adjusted to adapt to the development of the Taiwan broadband telecom industry under the WTO framework and further realize its pillar role in the Taiwan economy.
In this case, this article analyzes the impact of Taiwan's broadband telecom industry in the context of the liberalization of service trade after the entry of the WTO. The author believes that, on the one hand, the patent system in the WTO trade agreement weakens the inherent competitive advantage of Taiwan, on the other hand, the liberalization of service trade makes electricity the electricity. The letter industry is facing the international competition directly, making the broadband telecom industry suffer a huge impact. Again, the relevant provisions on the telecommunications industry in Taiwan have played a hindrance to the development of the broadband telecom industry in Taiwan under the framework of WTO, and the empirical test also verifies our conclusion.
We select the three telecom companies of China Telecom, telex telecommunications and three telecom companies in Taiwan. By means of data envelopment analysis, we investigated the technical efficiency and scale efficiency of the three companies from 2000 to 2012 ad. The results showed that, in terms of technical efficiency, the three main telecom operations of the Taiwan broadband telecom industry were in terms of technical efficiency. The average total efficiency of the business is 95.1%, which means that the main three operators in the Taiwan broadband telecom industry can improve the space to improve about 4.9% of the space to achieve the maximum average efficiency. In terms of scale efficiency, the overall investment in resource management of three index operators in Taiwan region is about 0.1% inefficiency, which means that the telecommunications market in Taiwan has developed to saturation level.
On this basis, the problems and coping strategies in the liberalization road of Taiwan broadband telecommunication industry are elaborated in detail. The most obvious first problem in Taiwan is how to determine the spectrum value of the licensed spectrum and the spectrum value of the licensed spectrum and the three legal technology of the market trading mechanism and the telecommunications. The question of how to trim the relevant allocation law is deeply related to whether the direction of Taiwan Telecom's future development is in line with the advanced countries.
The second is to solve the phenomenon that the fixed network market belongs to a operator monopoly (that is, the solution mechanism of the last mile). Only when this problem is finally solved can the real liberalization of the telecom industry be realized, the competition of the industry and the efficiency of the industry be promoted.
Finally, the policy of digital confluence must be adjusted as fast as possible, so as to avoid the uncertainty of the investment decision maker, it has become the hindrance to the Taiwan letter market and cable TV market, especially the digital content service providers have been limited to the cable TV industry. The characteristics of direct integration, social public and other three characteristics are similar to the characteristics of cable TV industry. Because the swing of the digital confluence policy in Taiwan will make a huge swing in the scale and content of the digital content service. At the same time, in order to improve the service output value of the telecommunication industry, it is consistent with the development trend of the global telecommunication industry. It is not to ignore the existence of three characteristics in the telecommunication enterprise structure. Therefore, the important transmission network - Cable TV industry must be discussed. How to integrate the cable TV system into the telecommunication network to form a more complete transmission network must be considered completely. In other words, the trend must be in harmony. To observe the service provided by the user, the service can never be provided by the use of different network technology so that the user's use behavior must cooperate with the change. After studying the cable TV industry transmission network, it is found that two regulatory issues must be discussed, one is the obligation of equal succession. Two is the open obligation of the user's loop. And if the two large network systems can be integrated on the technical side, the new operators can be greatly reduced into the threshold. In other words, the market can be integrated into more service providers. The other is that the various digital content services in the cable TV industry are also waiting for the digital confluence method. For service users, it is concerned about the quality and diversity of the content of the digital service for the service users. As for the transmission network using the telecommunication transmission network or the cable TV system, it is not the key point. Therefore, the effective integration of the transmission network can effectively reduce the transmission network and then effectively reduce the transmission network. The low entry threshold of broadband telecommunications in Taiwan and the trouble of resolving repeated investment by operators will greatly enhance the output value of Taiwan's broadband telecommunications industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開(kāi)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F632

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本文編號(hào)：2051522