本文選題：需求管理 + 需求優(yōu)先級��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(工程管理與信息技術(shù)學(xué)院)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著智能手機(jī)終端的爆發(fā)式增長,移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用越來越深入人們的日常生活。而傳統(tǒng)電信運(yùn)營商卻陷入網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量壓力劇增,單位流量價值急劇下降的困境,運(yùn)營商越來越趨于淪為單一“管道”。因此各運(yùn)營商都把流量精細(xì)化經(jīng)營作為未來發(fā)展的著力方向,而采用云計(jì)算技術(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)營中心系統(tǒng)的建設(shè),成為運(yùn)營商IT支撐系統(tǒng)建設(shè)的新方向。但在數(shù)據(jù)中心系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目建設(shè)中,對用戶需求優(yōu)先級的管理沒有科學(xué)化方法,導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)效率不高。本文通過建立需求優(yōu)先級評價體系,在數(shù)據(jù)中心項(xiàng)目采用需求工程理論方法與相關(guān)管理理論方法來對需求進(jìn)行科學(xué)管理,以解決上述問題。 本文研究如何將需求優(yōu)先級評價體系,在運(yùn)營商數(shù)據(jù)中心項(xiàng)目中建立和應(yīng)用,從而在有限的資源情況下,提高項(xiàng)目的工作效率,提高產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)質(zhì)量,實(shí)現(xiàn)對業(yè)務(wù)快速支撐的要求,同時將項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險與開發(fā)成本盡可能的降低。 在本文中完成的主要工作有： (1)首先通過對數(shù)據(jù)中心系統(tǒng)的需求開發(fā)案例進(jìn)行分析,找出目前運(yùn)營商IT系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目建設(shè)中,在需求管理方面存在的問題與不足。同時從運(yùn)營商IT支撐系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)廠家角度,進(jìn)一步對以往軟件項(xiàng)目中,在需求管理方面存在的問題進(jìn)行調(diào)研,以明確本文研究的重要內(nèi)容。 (2)然后針對在案例分析中發(fā)現(xiàn)的運(yùn)營商IT系統(tǒng)軟件開發(fā)中存在的問題,結(jié)合項(xiàng)目管理理論與需求工程方法,提出軟件項(xiàng)目需求優(yōu)先級模型構(gòu)思,并對模型的指標(biāo)體系進(jìn)行建立和選擇。在需求優(yōu)先級評價模型中指標(biāo)的選擇,采用德爾菲法對指標(biāo)進(jìn)行選擇,并對專家反饋的數(shù)據(jù)采用統(tǒng)計(jì)方法進(jìn)行處理。 (3)接下來對需求優(yōu)先級評價模型,在實(shí)際項(xiàng)目中進(jìn)行運(yùn)用。在需求優(yōu)先級模型的應(yīng)用中采用層次分析法來確定需求優(yōu)先級模型的指標(biāo)權(quán)重,然后針對對中國聯(lián)通統(tǒng)一數(shù)據(jù)中心項(xiàng)目中的需求進(jìn)行優(yōu)先級評估。 (4)最后對使用效果進(jìn)行了分析。通過采用需求優(yōu)先級評價模型,極大提高了項(xiàng)目的需求管理效果。充分證明采用需求優(yōu)先級管理對軟件開發(fā)商能夠優(yōu)化需求管理過程,在有限資源情況下,快速實(shí)現(xiàn)用戶需求,提高用戶滿意度。 本文研究的貢獻(xiàn)在于在軟件項(xiàng)目的需求管理過程中,通過引入決策分析方法,使項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)對項(xiàng)目的總體需求進(jìn)行有效評估,使之前采用的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)主觀決策,改為定量與定性分析相結(jié)合的方法進(jìn)行評估。從項(xiàng)目實(shí)踐中把因軟件項(xiàng)目需求優(yōu)先級管理不合理而造成的對項(xiàng)目的負(fù)面影響降至最低。通過采用科學(xué)的決策方法,對于項(xiàng)目由多方參與、項(xiàng)目的組織比較復(fù)雜復(fù)雜、需求還沒有細(xì)化、用戶方提出業(yè)務(wù)需求的部門多且不同部門間需求分歧較大、同時又缺乏類似的系統(tǒng)供需求方參考的軟件項(xiàng)目,可以較快將各方意見差異收攏,在較短時間形成共識,以確定各需求的優(yōu)先級次序,得以順利推進(jìn)項(xiàng)目生命周期。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the explosive growth of smart phone terminals, mobile Internet applications are more and more deep into people's daily life. However, the traditional telecom operators are caught in the dilemma of network traffic pressure increasing and the unit traffic value falling sharply, and the operators tend to be reduced to a single "pipeline" more and more. Therefore, all operators take fine traffic management as the direction of future development, and the construction of data operation center system based on cloud computing technology has become a new direction of IT support system construction of operators. However, in the construction of data center system project, there is no scientific method to manage the priority of user demand, which leads to the low efficiency of system construction. In this paper, the requirement priority evaluation system is established, and the requirement engineering theory method and the related management theory method are used in the data center project to manage the demand scientifically, so as to solve the above problems. This paper studies how to set up and apply the requirement priority evaluation system in the data center project of the operator, so as to improve the efficiency of the project and the quality of product development under the condition of limited resources. To meet the requirements of fast business support, while minimizing project risk and development costs. The main work accomplished in this paper is as follows: Firstly, by analyzing the requirement development cases of the data center system, we find out the problems and shortcomings of the requirement management in the current IT system project construction of the operators. At the same time, from the point of view of the manufacturer of the carrier IT support system, the problems existing in the requirement management in the past software projects are investigated to clarify the important contents of this paper. Secondly, aiming at the problems in the development of IT system software of operators, and combining the project management theory and requirement engineering method, the paper puts forward the conception of software project requirement priority model. The index system of the model is established and selected. In the requirement priority evaluation model, the index is selected by Delphi method, and the expert feedback data is processed by statistical method. Then the requirement priority evaluation model is applied in the actual project. In the application of the requirement priority model, AHP is used to determine the index weight of the requirement priority model, and then to evaluate the requirement priority in the unified data center project of China Unicom. Finally, the application effect is analyzed. By adopting the requirement priority evaluation model, the requirement management effect of the project is greatly improved. It is fully proved that the software developer can optimize the process of requirement management by using requirement priority management, realize user demand quickly and improve user satisfaction under the condition of limited resources. The contribution of this paper is that in the process of software project requirement management, by introducing decision analysis method, the project team can effectively evaluate the overall needs of the project, so that the previous leaders can make subjective decisions. The evaluation was carried out by a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. From the project practice, the negative impact on the project caused by unreasonable software project requirement priority management is minimized. By adopting scientific decision-making method, the project is involved by many parties, the organization of the project is complex, the demand has not been refined, the user has more departments to put forward business requirements, and the demand of different departments is different. At the same time, there is a lack of similar system for the demand-side reference software project, which can quickly close the differences of opinions, form a consensus in a short time to determine the priority order of each requirement, and promote the project life cycle smoothly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(工程管理與信息技術(shù)學(xué)院)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TP311.5;F626

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