本文關鍵詞： 引進外商直接投資 所有制企業(yè) 工資差距 溢出效應 全樣本與子樣本分析　出處：《昆明理工大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：引進外商直接投資(IFDI)一直是推動中國經濟高速發(fā)展的重要引擎,近年來中國吸引外資規(guī)模屢創(chuàng)新高,并在2015年達到了 1356億美元,成為僅次于美國和日本的全球第三大吸引外資國。中國吸引外資一直是專家學者們研究的熱點問題,尤其是引進外資對中國不同行業(yè)勞動力工資差距方面的研究屢見不鮮。本文從內外資企業(yè)勞動力價格所有制差異這一獨特的研究視角出發(fā),重點分析引進外資對中國不同所有制企業(yè)工資差距的影響。全篇分理論研究與實證研究兩部分。在理論研究層面,本文首先介紹國際直接投資理論、工資決定理論和要素稟賦理論對跨國投資和企業(yè)工資問題的研究成果;其次列舉國內外專家學者對內外資企業(yè)工資差距和工資溢出效應問題研究的不同觀點;接下來對中國引進外資實踐工作與分所有制類型內外資企業(yè)工資水平差距進行回顧與分析;最后根據已有文獻對變量選取與條件假設建立指導內外資企業(yè)工資差距實證檢驗的理論模型。在實證研究層面,本文采用定量分析與定性分析相結合的研究方法。運用2001年至2015年中國大陸地區(qū)29省市面板經濟數據進行總體檢驗和分樣本檢驗,首先研究外資企業(yè)投資對中國不同所有制企業(yè)工資水平影響;其次將外資企業(yè)分為港澳臺企業(yè)和外商企業(yè)兩個研究方向,深入對比兩者對中國企業(yè)所有制工資差異的不同影響。由于中國引進外資區(qū)域空間分布多傾向于東部沿海地區(qū),而地域廣闊的中、西部地區(qū)外資投入所占比重長期處于較低水平,所以外資引入地域分布不均的突出特點也會對企業(yè)工資水平造成差異影響。因此在分樣本討論中,又按照中國區(qū)域類型將研究樣本劃分為東部地區(qū)和中西部地區(qū),運用Geoda軟件分別對兩類地區(qū)進行截面數據空間計量檢驗。實證研究主要結論表明:隨著外資投入規(guī)模不斷增加,內資企業(yè)與外資企業(yè)工資差距會不斷縮小。無論是外商企業(yè)投資還是港澳臺企業(yè)投資,其對內資非國有企業(yè)工資影響程度均大于國有企業(yè)。引進外資對中國東部地區(qū)省市內資企業(yè)工資影響程度大于對應的中西部地區(qū)。根據實證檢驗主要結論,本文認為應從以下五個方面提出政策建議:首先是確保引資規(guī)模的同時應更加注重提升引資質量和結構;其次是適當擴大外資企業(yè)就業(yè)規(guī)模,使中國更多勞動力參與到外資企業(yè)先進技術水平、先進企業(yè)管理經驗等生產要素的學習;第三要更加完善內資非國有企業(yè)員工福利保障制度,企業(yè)快速發(fā)展離不開內部制度不斷完善與升級;第四要提高中國廣大中西部地區(qū)引資能力,引進外資對東部地區(qū)內資企業(yè)工資溢出效應在持續(xù)減弱,中西部地區(qū)可以借此機會擴大引資帶動當地內資企業(yè)發(fā)展;第五要打破中國企業(yè)所有制結構制度枷鎖,實現由企業(yè)雙軌并行發(fā)展向企業(yè)雙軌合作共贏發(fā)展轉變。
[Abstract]:The introduction of foreign direct investment (FDI) has been an important engine for the rapid development of China's economy. In recent years, China's scale of attracting foreign investment has reached a record high, reaching US $135.6 billion in 2015. China has become the world's third largest attracting foreign investment country after the United States and Japan. China's foreign investment attraction has always been a hot issue for experts and scholars. In particular, the research on the wage gap of labor force in different industries in China is not uncommon. This paper starts from the perspective of the difference of labor price ownership between domestic and foreign enterprises. This paper focuses on the analysis of the influence of foreign capital on the wage gap of Chinese enterprises with different ownership. The whole paper is divided into two parts: theoretical research and empirical research. At the theoretical level, this paper first introduces the theory of international direct investment (FDI). The research results of wage determination theory and factor endowment theory on transnational investment and wages of enterprises; secondly, the different viewpoints of domestic and foreign experts and scholars on wage gap and wage spillover effect of domestic and foreign enterprises are listed. Then it reviews and analyzes the gap between the practice of introducing foreign capital in China and the wage level gap between domestic and foreign enterprises under different types of ownership. Finally, according to the existing literature on the selection of variables and the hypothesis of conditions to establish a theoretical model to guide the empirical test of the wage gap between domestic and foreign enterprises. This paper adopts the method of combining quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Using the panel economic data of 29 provinces and cities in the mainland of China from 2001 to 2015, the paper carries out the overall test and the sample test. First, to study the influence of foreign investment on the wage level of Chinese enterprises with different ownership; secondly, to divide foreign-funded enterprises into two research directions: Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan enterprises and foreign enterprises. This paper makes a deep comparison of the different effects of the two on the wage difference between enterprises in China. Because the spatial distribution of the regions where China introduces foreign capital tends to be in the eastern coastal areas, while the regions with a vast area, The proportion of foreign investment in the western region has been in a low level for a long time, so the prominent characteristics of uneven regional distribution of foreign investment will also have a different impact on the wage level of enterprises. According to the regional type of China, the research samples are divided into the eastern region and the central and western regions, and the cross-section data space measurement tests are carried out by using Geoda software. The main conclusions of the empirical study show that: with the increase of the scale of foreign investment, The wage gap between domestic and foreign-funded enterprises will continue to narrow. Whether it is foreign investment or investment by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan enterprises, The influence of foreign capital on the wages of non-state-owned enterprises is greater than that of state-owned enterprises, and the influence of foreign capital on wages of domestic enterprises in eastern China is greater than that of the corresponding central and western regions. This paper holds that policy suggestions should be put forward from the following five aspects: first, to ensure the scale of foreign investment and at the same time to pay more attention to improving the quality and structure of foreign investment; secondly, to appropriately expand the scale of employment of foreign-funded enterprises. To enable more Chinese labor to participate in the study of factors of production such as advanced technology and management experience of foreign-funded enterprises; third, to further improve the welfare protection system for employees in non-state-owned enterprises with domestic capital. The rapid development of enterprises is inseparable from the continuous improvement and upgrading of the internal system; in 4th, it is necessary to improve the ability of the vast central and western regions of China to attract capital, and the wage spillover effect of introducing foreign capital to domestic enterprises in the eastern region has been continuously weakened. The central and western regions can take this opportunity to expand and promote the development of local domestic enterprises; in 5th, it is necessary to break the shackles of the system of ownership structure of Chinese enterprises, and realize the transformation from the dual track parallel development of enterprises to the win-win development of enterprises' dual track cooperation.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F832.6;F272.92

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