本文選題：中小企業(yè) + 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)和號(hào)召商業(yè)銀行向中小企業(yè)提供信貸支持的政策下，商業(yè)銀行一方面在向中小企業(yè)提供貸款獲得較大的利差，另一方面也承擔(dān)了較其他貸款業(yè)務(wù)更大的信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如何分析和防范中小企業(yè)的信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)逐成為了商業(yè)銀行工作的重中之重。商業(yè)銀行應(yīng)該在大力拓展中小企業(yè)貸款業(yè)務(wù)的同時(shí)，充分認(rèn)識(shí)中小企業(yè)融資動(dòng)機(jī)和方式、企業(yè)特點(diǎn)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)特征，從可操作的層面找尋合理途徑以推動(dòng)和促進(jìn)對(duì)中小企業(yè)貸款業(yè)務(wù)的經(jīng)營(yíng)和管理，在努力提高收益率的同時(shí)，做到注重風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的防范和規(guī)避，在收益與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中求得平衡。目前國(guó)內(nèi)中小企業(yè)存在外部環(huán)境依存度高、經(jīng)營(yíng)管理制度不完善、信用意識(shí)淡薄等特點(diǎn)，使中小企業(yè)發(fā)生貸款違約的可能性很大，導(dǎo)致銀行面臨的信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不斷增大。另外,在外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力和內(nèi)部利潤(rùn)動(dòng)力的驅(qū)使下，商業(yè)銀行需要加快業(yè)務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)型。實(shí)踐證明，目前商業(yè)銀行的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理水平不能滿足日益變化的中小企業(yè)融資業(yè)務(wù)的需要，無(wú)利于對(duì)中小企業(yè)融資業(yè)務(wù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的識(shí)別和控制，這嚴(yán)重制約了商業(yè)銀行中小企業(yè)貸款業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展。 近20年來(lái)，伴隨著國(guó)家公路、橋梁投資建設(shè)步伐的加快，國(guó)內(nèi)路橋施工企業(yè)發(fā)展進(jìn)入快速增長(zhǎng)的黃金時(shí)期。作為支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)的路橋施工行業(yè)，在我國(guó)工業(yè)化和城市化進(jìn)程中，不僅地位不斷增強(qiáng)，，更因其對(duì)農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力的巨大吸納作用，已成為社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定的關(guān)鍵。2013年6月,中國(guó)一場(chǎng)銀行間“錢荒”，向市場(chǎng)發(fā)出了逼迫中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的強(qiáng)烈信號(hào)：去銀行貸款更難了，銀行公司化了，經(jīng)營(yíng)不善也會(huì)破產(chǎn)。雖然我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行總體平穩(wěn)，但受到國(guó)內(nèi)外各類復(fù)雜環(huán)境因素的影響，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放慢，投資增長(zhǎng)減緩，施工企業(yè)發(fā)展面臨業(yè)務(wù)量減少，勞動(dòng)力成本上升，原材料價(jià)格上漲，企業(yè)融資渠道不暢，市場(chǎng)不規(guī)范等新問(wèn)題。如何在應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前挑戰(zhàn)的同時(shí)，加快路橋施工企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)的步伐，實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，是路橋施工企業(yè)亟需面對(duì)和解決的重大課題。 本文以吉林省福地路橋有限公司向吉林銀行申請(qǐng)融資業(yè)務(wù)為例，根據(jù)該企業(yè)的自身發(fā)展情況，對(duì)吉林銀行向其進(jìn)行融資的貸前審查、貸中操作、貸后管理等各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行識(shí)別和評(píng)價(jià)，擬定出適合企業(yè)特點(diǎn)的融資方案，并提出了融資全過(guò)程的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制方法，為實(shí)踐操作提供理論基礎(chǔ),也為相關(guān)研究提供理論鋪墊。
[Abstract]:Under the policy of encouraging and calling on commercial banks to provide credit support to small and medium-sized enterprises, on the one hand, commercial banks obtain a large spread in lending to small and medium-sized enterprises, on the other hand, they also bear more credit risks than other loan businesses. How to analyze and prevent the credit risk of small and medium-sized enterprises has become the most important work of commercial banks. Commercial banks should make great efforts to expand the loan business of small and medium-sized enterprises, and at the same time fully understand the motives and methods of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises, the characteristics of enterprises and the characteristics of risks. To find a reasonable way to promote and promote the operation and management of the loan business of small and medium-sized enterprises from the operational level, while trying to raise the rate of return, to pay attention to the prevention and avoidance of risks, and to strike a balance between the income and the risk. At present, SMEs in China have the characteristics of high degree of dependence on external environment, imperfect management system, weak credit consciousness and so on, which make the possibility of loan default for SMEs to be very large, resulting in the increasing credit risk faced by banks. In addition, under the external competition pressure and the internal profit motive force, the commercial bank needs to speed up the business transformation. Practice has proved that the current risk management level of commercial banks can not meet the ever-changing needs of SME financing business, and it is not conducive to accurately identify and control the risk of SME financing business. This seriously restricts the development of small and medium-sized loan business of commercial banks. In the past 20 years, with the acceleration of national highway and bridge investment, the development of domestic road and bridge construction enterprises has entered a golden period of rapid growth. As a pillar industry, the road and bridge construction industry has not only strengthened its status in the process of industrialization and urbanization in China, but also has become the key to social and economic stability because of its huge role in absorbing surplus rural labor force. A "cash crunch" between banks in China has sent a strong signal to the market that it will be harder to get bank loans, corporatized and bankrupt. Although the economic operation of our country is generally stable, it is affected by various complicated environmental factors at home and abroad. The economic growth rate is slowing down, the investment growth is slowing down, the development of construction enterprises is facing a decrease in business volume, labor costs are rising, and the prices of raw materials are rising. Enterprise financing channel is not smooth, the market is not standardized and other new problems. How to speed up the transformation and upgrading of the road and bridge construction enterprises and realize the sustainable development of the enterprises is an important subject that the road and bridge construction enterprises urgently need to face and solve. This paper takes Jilin Fudi Road Bridge Co., Ltd. As an example to apply for financing business from Jilin Bank. According to the development of the enterprise, the paper reviews the financing of Jilin Bank before loan and operates in loan. After loan management and other aspects of the risk identification and evaluation, draw up the financing scheme suitable for the characteristics of the enterprise, and put forward the whole process of financing risk control method, for practical operation to provide a theoretical basis, but also for the relevant research to provide a theoretical basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F832.4;F426.92

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