本文選題：保障房 + 住房權　； 參考：《吉林大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：“適足住房權”是公民的基本權利，為住房困難者提供居住之所成為政府公共服務的重要內容。隨著城市化進程和現(xiàn)代文明的發(fā)展，，西方主要發(fā)達國家依據(jù)自身房地產(chǎn)市場發(fā)展狀況和基本國情，逐步建立起相對可持續(xù)的保障房制度體系。中國的住房制度改革也走過了近二十年的歷程，商品房市場方興未艾、正處于黃金時期，而保障性住房體系剛剛萌芽，“雙軌制”住房供給模式尚未建立。房價高漲引起了上至廟堂下至江湖各方面的廣泛討論，住房問題已連續(xù)多年成為中國經(jīng)濟最熱點的話題。 中國當前初步建立了包括廉租房、公租房、經(jīng)濟適用房、限價房、住房補貼以及住房公積金制度在內的住房保障體系。這一體系在一定程度上緩解了部分城鎮(zhèn)居民的住房困難。廉租房主要保障最低收入人群和新進入工作崗位的年輕人住房需求；公租房制度主要保障中等偏下收入人群的住房需求；有一定支付能力的中等收入者可以通過購買經(jīng)濟適用房和限價房滿足居住需求。由于戶籍制度的限制，許多游離在現(xiàn)有住房保障制度之外的城市常住人口，可以通過住房補貼等獲得住房保障。住房保障制度的完善不僅事關城市競爭力、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，還會對社會和諧穩(wěn)定產(chǎn)生影響。因此，本文在借鑒主要發(fā)達國家的住房保障模式的基礎上，建議城市保障房的供給主要以廉租房和公租房為主。 本文運用理論分析、制度分析、實證和經(jīng)濟學模型來研究主要發(fā)達國家保障房制度和中國的實踐。主要發(fā)達國家在保障房理念、立法和管理實踐方面都值得做全面而深入的研究。本文在理論分析的基礎上，首先對住房權概念進行了內涵和外延分析，試圖理清“適足住房權”作為公共產(chǎn)品的特性及其社會、法律意義。 其次，選取在保障性住房制度建設方面具有國際聲譽的四個國家來研究，分別是美國、德國、日本和新加坡。以美國為代表的發(fā)達國家，保障房體系大多經(jīng)歷了幾十年的發(fā)展，制度相對成熟，在管理機構設定、管理職能定位、房源供給、后勤維修養(yǎng)護、入住者準入、房屋流轉、租金收繳、運營管理、社區(qū)建設和輔助服務等方面形成較為完善的制度體系和各具特色的管理模式。上述經(jīng)驗值得我們研究和借鑒。 在對國外保障房制度分析的基礎上，本文針對我國的具體實際，選取了兩個方面進行研究，首先是保障房的供給結構，本文對影響政府保障性住房配建決策的因素進行全面的分析，建立科學的、合理的、可行的決策指標體系，再利用熵權法計算出各指標的客觀權重，最終建立求解最優(yōu)保障房配建結構的優(yōu)化模型。并運用上述模型對廣州和珠海的住房供給進行了分析，結果表明：在珠海市和廣州市保障房建設的各種現(xiàn)狀下，按照2013年建設保障房的計劃，為了使總體效用最大化，珠海市的公租房建設比重占當年保障房總數(shù)的64.3%。而按照廣州市保障房的建設計劃，為使效用最大化，廉租房建設比重應占當年保障房建設比重的53.8%。上述結果印證了當前以廉租房和公租房為主體的住房保障政策的有效性。 在保障房分配方面，本文從三個角度對廉租住房的分配機制創(chuàng)新進行了經(jīng)濟學分析。首先，從供求理論與效用理論的角度，針對實物配租和租金補貼兩種配租方式，綜合比較它們對住房租賃市場供求的影響、政府廉租資金支出的成本以及廉租資金分配效率，總結出其各自的適用條件。其次，從消費經(jīng)濟學角度，按照廉租住房保障群體內部成員對廉租住房保障的依賴程度不同，把他們的住房消費需求分為三大類，即完全依賴型、暫時依賴型和邊緣型，并根據(jù)需求差異配以不同的配租方式。最后，分析影響廉租住房的保障面積標準和租金標準的主要因素，提出了廉租房四步計租標準的具體計量辦法，以及分配方法選擇。 最后總結本文的基本結論和政策建議，并提出進一步研究的方向在于深入剖析中國住房保障制度所涉及的利益相關者之間的博弈及其利益訴求，通過政策引導，增加保障房的供給水平。借鑒發(fā)達國家和地區(qū)保障房制度的成功經(jīng)驗，從融資、土地供應、保障房結構、分配及流轉制度等方面入手，為中國保障房制度創(chuàng)新提供建議。
[Abstract]:The "right to adequate housing" is the basic right of citizens, and it is an important part of the government's public service to provide housing for the housing difficulties. With the process of urbanization and the development of modern civilization, the major western developed countries have gradually established a relatively sustainable guarantee housing system according to their own real estate market development and basic national conditions. The housing system reform in China has also gone through the course of nearly twenty years. The commodity housing market is in the ascendant and is in the golden period. The guarantee housing system has just sprout, and the "double track" housing supply model has not been established. The soaring housing price has caused extensive discussions from the temple to the river and lake, and the housing problem has been for many years. It is the hottest topic of China's economy.
China has initially established a housing security system including low rent housing, public rental housing, affordable housing, limited housing, housing subsidy and housing provident fund system. This system has alleviated the housing difficulties of some urban residents to a certain extent. The low rent housing mainly guarantees the lowest income population and the new young people who have entered the job. Housing demand; public rental housing system mainly guarantees the housing demand for the lower income population; the middle-income people with certain payment ability can meet the housing demand by buying the affordable housing and the limited price housing. The improvement of the housing security system is not only related to the urban competitiveness, the development of the regional economy, but also the social harmony and stability. Therefore, on the basis of the housing security model of the main developed countries, this paper suggests that the supply of urban housing is mainly low rent housing and public rental housing.
This paper uses theoretical analysis, institutional analysis, empirical and economic models to study the guarantee housing system in the major developed countries and the practice of China. The main developed countries are worthy of a comprehensive and in-depth study on the concept of housing, legislation and management practice. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the concept of housing right is first carried out in this paper. And extension analysis, trying to clarify "the right to adequate housing" as the characteristics of public goods and its social and legal significance.
Secondly, we choose four countries with international reputation in the construction of the guarantee housing system, which are the United States, Germany, Japan and Singapore. The developed countries, represented by the United States, have experienced decades of development, the system is relatively mature, management institutions, management functions, housing supply, logistics dimension. It is worth studying and drawing lessons from the above experience that we have formed a more perfect system system and various characteristic management modes in the aspects of training, occupant admission, housing circulation, rent collection, operation management, community construction and auxiliary service.
On the basis of the analysis of the foreign guarantee housing system, this paper has selected two aspects to study the concrete reality of our country, first of all, to guarantee the supply structure of the housing. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the factors that affect the decision-making of the government guaranteed housing allocation, and establishes a scientific, reasonable and feasible decision index system, and then uses the entropy weight method. The objective weight of each index is calculated, and the optimization model of the optimal housing construction is established. The housing supply of Guangzhou and Zhuhai is analyzed with the above model. The results show that under the various status of the construction of the security house in Zhuhai and Guangzhou, the plan of building the guarantee house in 2013 is used to make the overall utility. Maximization, the proportion of public rental housing construction in Zhuhai accounts for the 64.3%. of the total number of guaranteed housing in the year and according to the construction plan of Guangzhou's guarantee housing, to maximize the utility, the proportion of low rent housing construction should account for the 53.8%. results of the housing construction in the same year, which confirms the effectiveness of the current housing security policy with low rent housing and public rental housing as the main body.
In the aspect of guaranteeing housing distribution, this paper makes an economic analysis on the innovation of the distribution mechanism of low rent housing from three angles. First, from the perspective of supply and demand theory and utility theory, it compares the effect of the two kinds of rent distribution and rent subsidy to the supply and demand of the housing rental market, and the cost of the government's low rent funds expenditure And the efficiency of the low rent funds distribution, sum up their respective conditions. Secondly, from the perspective of consumer economics, according to the dependence of the members of the low rent housing security groups on the low rent housing security, their housing consumption needs are divided into three categories, namely, complete dependence type, temporary dependence type and marginal type, and according to the demand difference. In the end, it analyzes the main factors that affect the standard of the guarantee area of low rent housing and the standard of rent, and puts forward the concrete measure method of the four step renting standard of low rent housing and the choice of the distribution method.
Finally, the basic conclusions and policy suggestions are summed up, and the direction of further research is to further analyze the game and interest demands among the stakeholders involved in the housing security system in China, and to increase the supply level of the guarantee house through policy guidance. In order to provide suggestions for China's affordable housing system innovation, we should provide funds, land supply, affordable housing structure, distribution and circulation system.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F293.3;F299.2

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本文編號：1896151