本文選題：小微企業(yè)　切入點：融資　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：小微企業(yè)是我省經(jīng)濟的重要組成部分,在經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中具有大企業(yè)無法替代的特殊的戰(zhàn)略地位。小企業(yè)作為活躍市場的基本力量,容納了社會上大多數(shù)的就業(yè)人員,在促進經(jīng)濟增長及解決就業(yè)和再就業(yè)過程中,發(fā)揮著重要作用。小微企業(yè)經(jīng)過多年的發(fā)展，已成為我國經(jīng)濟增長的主要驅(qū)動力，在經(jīng)濟建設(shè)和社會發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了積極作用，在我國經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中具有重要的戰(zhàn)略地位。無論是企業(yè)的數(shù)量（99%）、創(chuàng)造的價值（GDP60%），還是就業(yè)的機會（80%以上）、繳納的稅收（50%）以及社會的貢獻，中小企業(yè)都居于主體地位。而我省的中小企業(yè)和民營經(jīng)濟經(jīng)過這些年的發(fā)展，特別是經(jīng)過2007年至2009年我省實施的民營經(jīng)濟騰飛計劃和去年開始實施的中小企業(yè)成長計劃，全省以中小企業(yè)為主體的民營經(jīng)濟的主營業(yè)務(wù)收入已經(jīng)達到1.3萬億元，民營經(jīng)濟增加值占全省地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值比重達到50%；上繳稅金380億元，占全口徑財政收入的比重達到33%；從業(yè)人員424萬人，占全省城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)人口總數(shù)的比重達到70%；民營企業(yè)和中小企業(yè)的戶數(shù)11.5萬戶，個體工商戶達到110萬戶；民營經(jīng)濟固定資產(chǎn)投資占全省城鎮(zhèn)固定資產(chǎn)投資的比重達到68%。也就是說，中小企業(yè)和民營經(jīng)濟已經(jīng)占據(jù)了半壁江山，為促進全省經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展做出了重要貢獻。 由于企業(yè)自身和我省經(jīng)濟體制等多方面的原因，致使我省小微企業(yè)普遍存在的融資難的問題，融資難造成小微企業(yè)融資方式單一，融資渠道狹隘，融資結(jié)構(gòu)存在許多缺陷。融資難嚴重制約了我國小微企業(yè)的發(fā)展速度。目前的全球經(jīng)濟危機對我國小微企業(yè)的生存和發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了很大的影響，不少小微企業(yè)因為缺乏資金，面臨著即將倒閉的困境，而且從更長遠的角度來看，融資難問題已經(jīng)成為阻礙小微企業(yè)發(fā)展的主要原因。本文從我省小微企業(yè)融資渠道狹窄、自身的財務(wù)管理水平低、信用意識薄弱、社會信用不佳、國有商業(yè)銀行對小微企業(yè)貸款存在偏見等方面的融資難原因。借鑒其他國家對小微企業(yè)融資支持的經(jīng)驗，根據(jù)我國實際情況，提出解決小微企業(yè)融資難的辦法，應(yīng)當(dāng)從兩大方面分析。從小微企業(yè)自身出發(fā)，應(yīng)當(dāng)強化企業(yè)自身信用建設(shè)，提高企業(yè)的財務(wù)管理水平，努力改善企業(yè)財務(wù)狀況，增強企業(yè)自身實力，提高企業(yè)融資能力，這也是最根本的措施；從小微企業(yè)外部環(huán)境著手，應(yīng)當(dāng)改善小微企業(yè)融資環(huán)境，大力拓展小微企業(yè)直接融資渠道，建立和健全各項政策法規(guī)，改革稅收機制和制定有利于小微企業(yè)融資的宏觀經(jīng)濟政策，發(fā)展各類社會融資中介服務(wù)機構(gòu)，完善信用擔(dān)保體系。 本文的主要結(jié)論：要解決小微企業(yè)融資難問題，需要以銀行為主的金融機構(gòu)通過完善自身機構(gòu)、制度建設(shè)，建立起一整套適應(yīng)小企業(yè)融資的管理機制。首先，要開展小微企業(yè)專營機構(gòu)建設(shè)，建立合理的小微企業(yè)組織架構(gòu)和職能設(shè)置；其次要健全完善小微企業(yè)信貸制度建設(shè)，提高小微企業(yè)授信的審批效率、優(yōu)化審批流程；第三要科學(xué)制定適應(yīng)小微企業(yè)的信用、風(fēng)險評價體系，以合理篩選客戶并實施風(fēng)險定價；第四要加強創(chuàng)新，兼顧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化與多樣化的需求，，完善產(chǎn)品線建設(shè)。只有銀行、小微企業(yè)、社會各方共同努力，小微企業(yè)融資難的問題才能逐步得以解決。
[Abstract]:Small and micro businesses is an important part of the economy in our province, has a special strategic position cannot be replaced by large enterprises in the economic and social development. The small business market as the basic active forces in society to accommodate the majority of workers, in promoting economic growth and solve the employment and re employment process, plays an important role. Small and micro businesses after years of development, has become the main driving force of economic growth in China, has played a positive role in the economic construction and social development, has an important strategic position in China's economic and social development. It is the number of enterprises (99%), create value (GDP60%), or employment opportunities (more than 80%), (50%) the tax and social contributions of small and medium-sized enterprises in the main position. The province's small and medium enterprises and private economy after years of development, especially after the 2007 to 2009 in our province The implementation of the plan development plan of private economy take-off and implemented since last year the province's small and medium-sized enterprises, to small and medium-sized enterprises as the main body of the private economy's main business revenue reached 1 trillion and 300 billion yuan, increased the value of the private economy accounted for the proportion of GDP reached 50%; taxes paid 38 billion yuan, the proportion of the total fiscal revenue reached 33% employees; staff of 4 million 240 thousand people, accounting for the province's urban employment population reached 70%; private enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises 115 thousand households, individual industrial and commercial households reached 1 million 100 thousand; the private economy accounted for the proportion of investment in fixed assets investment of fixed assets of the whole province reached 68%. that is to say, small and medium enterprises and private economy has occupied half of the country, made an important contribution to promote the province's economic and social development.
Because of their own reasons and our economic system and so on, which exists in our province Small and micro businesses financing problems, financing difficulties caused by Small and micro businesses the single way of financing, financing channels narrow, there are many deficiencies in the financing structure. Financing has seriously hampered the pace of development of China's current Small and micro businesses. The global economic crisis on China's small and micro enterprise's survival and development have had a great impact, many Small and micro businesses because of lack of funds, faced with the plight of imminent collapse, but from a long-term perspective, the problem of financing has become the main reason for hindering the development of Small and micro businesses. This paper from the province Small and micro businesses the financing channel is narrow, the low level of financial management, weak sense of social credit, poor credit, the state-owned commercial banks of Small and micro businesses loans are biased and other aspects of the financing from the state of his cause. Small and micro businesses financing support experience, according to China's actual situation, put forward to solve the financing difficulties of Small and micro businesses to be analyzed from two aspects. From the micro enterprise itself, we should strengthen the enterprise credit construction, improve the level of enterprise financial management, to improve the financial situation of enterprises, enhance their own strength, improve enterprise the financing capacity, it is also the most fundamental measures for small and micro enterprises; external environment should be improved Small and micro businesses financing environment, vigorously expand Small and micro businesses direct financing channels, to establish and improve the policies and regulations, reforming the tax system and is conducive to the development of Small and micro businesses financing macroeconomic policies, the development of various types of social financing intermediary services institutions, improve the credit guarantee system.
The main conclusions of this paper are: to solve the problem of Small and micro businesses financing, financial institutions need to bank mainly through the improvement of its mechanism, system construction, establish a set of management mechanism to adapt to small business financing. First of all, to carry out Small and micro businesses specializing in institution building, establish a reasonable organizational structure and functions of Small and micro businesses; secondly, to perfect the Small and micro businesses credit system construction, improve the Small and micro businesses credit approval efficiency, optimize the approval process; third scientific Small and micro businesses to adapt to the credit risk evaluation system, to reasonably select customers to implement risk pricing; fourth to strengthen the innovation, taking into account the needs of standardization and diversification, improve the product line construction. Only the bank, Small and micro businesses, social parties to the financing Small and micro businesses the problems can be solved step by step.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F276.3;F832.4

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