【摘要】：本研究通過走訪調(diào)查、資料收集整理分析等手段,有效掌握株洲縣水稻生產(chǎn)情況,了解農(nóng)民糧食生產(chǎn)的思想觀念及技術(shù)水平,通過分析株洲縣水稻生產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)狀,找出制約株洲縣水稻生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素,分析造成的原因,并提出有效的解決措施,以期為株洲縣水稻生產(chǎn)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,提高水稻種植面積,單位面積產(chǎn)量、總產(chǎn)、復(fù)種指數(shù)等提供參考。通過對株洲縣水稻種植的現(xiàn)狀、大面積應(yīng)用的水稻種植技術(shù)、農(nóng)民的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)水平、農(nóng)民的綜合素質(zhì)、水稻生產(chǎn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)等情況的分析,找出了制約株洲縣水稻生產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的三個主要因素：一是因耕地拋荒比較嚴(yán)重、農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)滯后、勞動力短缺、種糧效益偏低、生產(chǎn)分散規(guī)模太小、傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣種植技術(shù)落后、政策作用弱化激勵作用減小等方面的原因,對保持穩(wěn)定的水稻種植面積產(chǎn)生不利影響；二是農(nóng)民文化素質(zhì)較低,接受新技術(shù)新成果能力有限,對水稻生產(chǎn)投入不足,致使水稻單產(chǎn)難以提高；三是糧食企業(yè)品牌意識不強,特色不突出,水稻品種(組合)布局不合理,稻谷未能按質(zhì)論價,農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平不高等原因影響稻米品質(zhì)的改良。從株洲縣糧食生產(chǎn)政策、水稻種植的科技水平、生產(chǎn)投入、保障措施等方面提出解決株洲縣水稻產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展問題的對策：一是要充分挖掘水稻種植面積潛力,要出臺相關(guān)政策嚴(yán)格控制耕地拋荒,搞好水利等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),增強防災(zāi)抗災(zāi)能力,完善種糧補貼方式、發(fā)展規(guī)�；瘜I(yè)化種植等,逐步提高水稻復(fù)種指數(shù)；二是挖掘水稻單產(chǎn)潛力,選用高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)多抗的品種或組合,搞好病蟲害的綜合防治,加強農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)培訓(xùn),提高廣大農(nóng)民科技素質(zhì),搞好新技術(shù)新成果示范,建立鄉(xiāng)村水稻高產(chǎn)示范片；三是選用高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)水稻品種,提升稻米品質(zhì),大力推廣優(yōu)質(zhì)稻品種、實行優(yōu)質(zhì)優(yōu)價,提高農(nóng)民種植優(yōu)質(zhì)稻的積極性,因地制宜合理布局優(yōu)質(zhì)品種,全面推進優(yōu)質(zhì)稻標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化生產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:By means of visiting and investigation, data collection and analysis, this study effectively grasped the situation of rice production in Zhuzhou County, understood the ideology and technical level of farmers' grain production, and analyzed the present situation of rice production in Zhuzhou County. To find out the key factors restricting the development of rice production in Zhuzhou County, to analyze the causes, and to put forward effective measures for the sustainable development of rice production in Zhuzhou County, so as to improve the planting area, yield per unit area and total yield of rice in Zhuzhou County. Multiple cropping index and so on to provide the reference. Through the analysis of the present situation of rice planting in Zhuzhou County, the rice planting technology applied in a large area, the level of farmers' agricultural technology, the comprehensive quality of farmers, the construction of rice production infrastructure, etc. Three main factors restricting the sustainable development of rice production in Zhuzhou County were found: first, because of the serious abandonment of cultivated land, the lagged construction of agricultural infrastructure, the shortage of labor force, the low benefit of grain planting, and the small scale of production dispersion, The backwardness of the traditional planting technique and the weakening of the policy function and the decrease of the incentive effect have a negative effect on the rice planting area. Second, farmers' cultural quality is low, the ability to accept new technology and new achievements is limited, and the input to rice production is insufficient, which makes it difficult to improve rice yield per unit; Third, the grain enterprise brand consciousness is not strong, the characteristic is not prominent, the rice variety (combination) layout is unreasonable, the rice price is not according to the quality, the agricultural industrialization level is not high and so on the reason affects the rice quality improvement. From the grain production policy of Zhuzhou County, the scientific and technological level of rice planting, the production input and the safeguard measures, the countermeasures to solve the problem of rice industry development in Zhuzhou County are put forward: first, to fully tap the potential of rice planting area, It is necessary to introduce relevant policies to strictly control the abandonment of cultivated land, do a good job in the construction of infrastructure such as water conservancy, strengthen the ability to prevent and resist disasters, improve the way of grain planting subsidies, develop large-scale specialized planting, etc., and gradually improve the index of rice multiple cropping; Second, it is necessary to tap the potential of rice per unit yield, select varieties or combinations with high yield, good quality and multi-resistance, do a good job in comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests, strengthen agricultural technical training, improve the scientific and technological quality of the broad masses of farmers, and do a good job in demonstrating new technologies and new achievements. To establish a high yield model for rural rice; Third, selecting high yield and high quality rice varieties, improving rice quality, popularizing high quality rice varieties, carrying out high quality and high price, increasing farmers' enthusiasm for planting high quality rice, rationally distributing high quality varieties according to local conditions, and comprehensively promoting the standardized production of high quality rice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F326.11

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