仙游縣生態(tài)公益林現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展對(duì)策
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-25 18:10
【摘要】：保護(hù)、恢復(fù)和發(fā)展森林資源,建設(shè)良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境,已成為人類社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的迫切要求及時(shí)代主旋律。21世紀(jì)中國(guó)的林業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的核心是走生態(tài)建設(shè)道路,而大力開(kāi)展生態(tài)公益林建設(shè),是林業(yè)生態(tài)建設(shè)的重要內(nèi)容之一。生態(tài)公益林是以發(fā)揮森林生態(tài)效益,維護(hù)和保持自然生態(tài)環(huán)境,保護(hù)生物多樣性和豐富自然景觀,提高人類生活質(zhì)量為主要任務(wù)的森林類型。生態(tài)公益林在改善和保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境,維護(hù)自然界生態(tài)平衡方面具有重要作用。但由于公益林的生態(tài)效益具有非排他性和非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的特征,在我國(guó)一直作為一種免費(fèi)的公共資料為社會(huì)所共享,其維護(hù)建設(shè)費(fèi)用也主要由政府來(lái)承擔(dān)。隨著我國(guó)公益林建設(shè)規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大,政府面臨著巨大的財(cái)政壓力,政府投入的有限性與建設(shè)資金實(shí)際需求的不斷擴(kuò)張性矛盾日益突出。因此在提高生態(tài)公益林生態(tài)效益的同時(shí),克服生態(tài)公益林經(jīng)營(yíng)資金短缺問(wèn)題,協(xié)調(diào)生態(tài)公益林建設(shè)管護(hù)與森林資源的合理利用,對(duì)我國(guó)生態(tài)公益林的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。仙游縣重點(diǎn)生態(tài)公益林面積共有37072.6 hm2,占林地面積的29%。其中國(guó)家級(jí)生態(tài)公益林面積5864.8 hm2,省級(jí)生態(tài)公益林面積31207.8 hm2,主要分布在木蘭溪源頭、森林公園、北部山區(qū)等區(qū)域。目前仙游縣生態(tài)公益林類型主要有水源涵養(yǎng)林、水土保持林、風(fēng)景林等。本文在調(diào)查研究仙游縣生態(tài)公益林的建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了仙游縣生態(tài)公益林建設(shè)存在的主要問(wèn)題是：科學(xué)技術(shù)落后、管護(hù)模式單一、管護(hù)投入不足、護(hù)林員素質(zhì)水平低、科學(xué)利用不合理、缺乏有效監(jiān)管、木蘭溪源頭水土流失嚴(yán)重、沿海防護(hù)林防護(hù)效能低下、農(nóng)田林網(wǎng)建設(shè)進(jìn)步緩慢等。并以生態(tài)學(xué)理論,森林科學(xué)發(fā)展理論、森林外部性等理論為指導(dǎo),同時(shí)借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外生態(tài)公益林建設(shè)的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出仙游縣生態(tài)公益林建設(shè)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展策略應(yīng)采�。阂揽靠萍�,提升生態(tài)林管護(hù)水平；因地制宜,采取適宜管護(hù)模式；合理補(bǔ)償,健全資金保障機(jī)制；科學(xué)管理,加強(qiáng)護(hù)林員隊(duì)伍建設(shè)；合理利用,增強(qiáng)自我補(bǔ)償能力；明確權(quán)責(zé),完善監(jiān)管責(zé)任制度；加強(qiáng)木蘭溪源頭生態(tài)林保護(hù)建設(shè)；調(diào)整樹(shù)種,提高沿海防護(hù)林綜合效益；科學(xué)規(guī)劃,加強(qiáng)農(nóng)田林網(wǎng)保護(hù)建設(shè)。希望本文可以為仙游生態(tài)公益林的經(jīng)營(yíng)發(fā)展做出一些指導(dǎo)和建議,也可為我省生態(tài)公益林的建設(shè)提供借鑒參考,推動(dòng)整體生態(tài)環(huán)境和諧健康發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The protection, restoration and development of forest resources and the construction of a good ecological environment have become the urgent requirements of the sustainable development of human society and the main theme of the times. The core of China's forestry development strategy in the 21st century is to follow the path of ecological construction. The construction of ecological forest is one of the important contents of forestry ecological construction. Ecological public welfare forest is a forest type whose main task is to give full play to forest ecological benefits, to maintain and maintain the natural ecological environment, to protect biodiversity and enrich the natural landscape, and to improve the quality of human life. Ecological public welfare forest plays an important role in improving and protecting ecological environment and maintaining ecological balance in nature. But because the ecological benefit of public welfare forest has the characteristics of non-exclusive and non-competitive, it has been shared by the society as a kind of free public information in our country, and its maintenance and construction cost is mainly borne by the government. With the continuous expansion of the construction scale of public welfare forest in China, the government is facing enormous financial pressure, and the contradiction between the limitation of government investment and the actual demand for construction funds is becoming increasingly prominent. Therefore, while improving the ecological efficiency of ecological public welfare forest, we should overcome the shortage of management funds of ecological public welfare forest and coordinate the construction, management and protection of ecological public welfare forest and the rational utilization of forest resources. It has important practical significance for the sustainable development of ecological public welfare forest in China. The area of key ecological public welfare forest in Xianyou county is 37072.6 hm2, accounting for 29% of woodland area. The area of national ecological public welfare forest is 5864.8 hm2, the area of provincial ecological public welfare forest is 31207.8 hm2, which is mainly distributed in Mulan River Source, Forest Park, Northern Mountain area and so on. At present, the main types of ecological public welfare forest in Xianyou County are water conservation forest, soil and water conservation forest, landscape forest and so on. On the basis of investigation and research on the present situation of ecological public welfare forest construction in Xianyou County, this paper analyzes the main problems existing in the construction of ecological public welfare forest in Xianyou County: backward science and technology, single management mode, insufficient investment in management and protection, and low quality level of forest rangers. Scientific utilization is unreasonable, lack of effective supervision, serious soil and water loss at the source of Mulan Creek, low protection efficiency of coastal shelterbelt, slow progress of farmland forest network construction and so on. Under the guidance of ecological theory, forest science development theory, forest externality theory, and drawing lessons from the advanced experience of ecological public welfare forest construction at home and abroad, The strategies of ecological public welfare forest construction and sustainable development in Xianyou county should be taken as follows: depending on science and technology to improve the level of ecological forest management and protection; According to the local conditions, we should adopt appropriate management and protection mode; reasonable compensation, perfect fund guarantee mechanism; scientific management, strengthen the construction of forest protection team; rational use, strengthen self-compensation ability; clarify the power and responsibility, perfect the system of supervision and responsibility; We should strengthen the conservation and construction of Mulan Creek source ecological forest, adjust tree species, improve the comprehensive benefit of coastal shelterbelt, and strengthen the protection and construction of farmland forest network by scientific planning. It is hoped that this paper can provide some guidance and suggestions for the management and development of Xianyou ecological public welfare forest, and also provide reference for the construction of ecological public welfare forest in our province, and promote the harmonious and healthy development of the whole ecological environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F326.27
本文編號(hào)：2356991
[Abstract]:The protection, restoration and development of forest resources and the construction of a good ecological environment have become the urgent requirements of the sustainable development of human society and the main theme of the times. The core of China's forestry development strategy in the 21st century is to follow the path of ecological construction. The construction of ecological forest is one of the important contents of forestry ecological construction. Ecological public welfare forest is a forest type whose main task is to give full play to forest ecological benefits, to maintain and maintain the natural ecological environment, to protect biodiversity and enrich the natural landscape, and to improve the quality of human life. Ecological public welfare forest plays an important role in improving and protecting ecological environment and maintaining ecological balance in nature. But because the ecological benefit of public welfare forest has the characteristics of non-exclusive and non-competitive, it has been shared by the society as a kind of free public information in our country, and its maintenance and construction cost is mainly borne by the government. With the continuous expansion of the construction scale of public welfare forest in China, the government is facing enormous financial pressure, and the contradiction between the limitation of government investment and the actual demand for construction funds is becoming increasingly prominent. Therefore, while improving the ecological efficiency of ecological public welfare forest, we should overcome the shortage of management funds of ecological public welfare forest and coordinate the construction, management and protection of ecological public welfare forest and the rational utilization of forest resources. It has important practical significance for the sustainable development of ecological public welfare forest in China. The area of key ecological public welfare forest in Xianyou county is 37072.6 hm2, accounting for 29% of woodland area. The area of national ecological public welfare forest is 5864.8 hm2, the area of provincial ecological public welfare forest is 31207.8 hm2, which is mainly distributed in Mulan River Source, Forest Park, Northern Mountain area and so on. At present, the main types of ecological public welfare forest in Xianyou County are water conservation forest, soil and water conservation forest, landscape forest and so on. On the basis of investigation and research on the present situation of ecological public welfare forest construction in Xianyou County, this paper analyzes the main problems existing in the construction of ecological public welfare forest in Xianyou County: backward science and technology, single management mode, insufficient investment in management and protection, and low quality level of forest rangers. Scientific utilization is unreasonable, lack of effective supervision, serious soil and water loss at the source of Mulan Creek, low protection efficiency of coastal shelterbelt, slow progress of farmland forest network construction and so on. Under the guidance of ecological theory, forest science development theory, forest externality theory, and drawing lessons from the advanced experience of ecological public welfare forest construction at home and abroad, The strategies of ecological public welfare forest construction and sustainable development in Xianyou county should be taken as follows: depending on science and technology to improve the level of ecological forest management and protection; According to the local conditions, we should adopt appropriate management and protection mode; reasonable compensation, perfect fund guarantee mechanism; scientific management, strengthen the construction of forest protection team; rational use, strengthen self-compensation ability; clarify the power and responsibility, perfect the system of supervision and responsibility; We should strengthen the conservation and construction of Mulan Creek source ecological forest, adjust tree species, improve the comprehensive benefit of coastal shelterbelt, and strengthen the protection and construction of farmland forest network by scientific planning. It is hoped that this paper can provide some guidance and suggestions for the management and development of Xianyou ecological public welfare forest, and also provide reference for the construction of ecological public welfare forest in our province, and promote the harmonious and healthy development of the whole ecological environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F326.27
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，本文編號(hào)：2356991
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