發(fā)布時間：2018-11-25 18:10

【摘要】：保護、恢復和發(fā)展森林資源,建設良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境,已成為人類社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的迫切要求及時代主旋律。21世紀中國的林業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的核心是走生態(tài)建設道路,而大力開展生態(tài)公益林建設,是林業(yè)生態(tài)建設的重要內(nèi)容之一。生態(tài)公益林是以發(fā)揮森林生態(tài)效益,維護和保持自然生態(tài)環(huán)境,保護生物多樣性和豐富自然景觀,提高人類生活質量為主要任務的森林類型。生態(tài)公益林在改善和保護生態(tài)環(huán)境,維護自然界生態(tài)平衡方面具有重要作用。但由于公益林的生態(tài)效益具有非排他性和非競爭性的特征,在我國一直作為一種免費的公共資料為社會所共享,其維護建設費用也主要由政府來承擔。隨著我國公益林建設規(guī)模的不斷擴大,政府面臨著巨大的財政壓力,政府投入的有限性與建設資金實際需求的不斷擴張性矛盾日益突出。因此在提高生態(tài)公益林生態(tài)效益的同時,克服生態(tài)公益林經(jīng)營資金短缺問題,協(xié)調生態(tài)公益林建設管護與森林資源的合理利用,對我國生態(tài)公益林的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。仙游縣重點生態(tài)公益林面積共有37072.6 hm2,占林地面積的29%。其中國家級生態(tài)公益林面積5864.8 hm2,省級生態(tài)公益林面積31207.8 hm2,主要分布在木蘭溪源頭、森林公園、北部山區(qū)等區(qū)域。目前仙游縣生態(tài)公益林類型主要有水源涵養(yǎng)林、水土保持林、風景林等。本文在調查研究仙游縣生態(tài)公益林的建設現(xiàn)狀的基礎上,分析了仙游縣生態(tài)公益林建設存在的主要問題是：科學技術落后、管護模式單一、管護投入不足、護林員素質水平低、科學利用不合理、缺乏有效監(jiān)管、木蘭溪源頭水土流失嚴重、沿海防護林防護效能低下、農(nóng)田林網(wǎng)建設進步緩慢等。并以生態(tài)學理論,森林科學發(fā)展理論、森林外部性等理論為指導,同時借鑒國內(nèi)外生態(tài)公益林建設的先進經(jīng)驗,提出仙游縣生態(tài)公益林建設和可持續(xù)發(fā)展策略應采�。阂揽靠萍�,提升生態(tài)林管護水平；因地制宜,采取適宜管護模式；合理補償,健全資金保障機制；科學管理,加強護林員隊伍建設；合理利用,增強自我補償能力；明確權責,完善監(jiān)管責任制度；加強木蘭溪源頭生態(tài)林保護建設；調整樹種,提高沿海防護林綜合效益；科學規(guī)劃,加強農(nóng)田林網(wǎng)保護建設。希望本文可以為仙游生態(tài)公益林的經(jīng)營發(fā)展做出一些指導和建議,也可為我省生態(tài)公益林的建設提供借鑒參考,推動整體生態(tài)環(huán)境和諧健康發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The protection, restoration and development of forest resources and the construction of a good ecological environment have become the urgent requirements of the sustainable development of human society and the main theme of the times. The core of China's forestry development strategy in the 21st century is to follow the path of ecological construction. The construction of ecological forest is one of the important contents of forestry ecological construction. Ecological public welfare forest is a forest type whose main task is to give full play to forest ecological benefits, to maintain and maintain the natural ecological environment, to protect biodiversity and enrich the natural landscape, and to improve the quality of human life. Ecological public welfare forest plays an important role in improving and protecting ecological environment and maintaining ecological balance in nature. But because the ecological benefit of public welfare forest has the characteristics of non-exclusive and non-competitive, it has been shared by the society as a kind of free public information in our country, and its maintenance and construction cost is mainly borne by the government. With the continuous expansion of the construction scale of public welfare forest in China, the government is facing enormous financial pressure, and the contradiction between the limitation of government investment and the actual demand for construction funds is becoming increasingly prominent. Therefore, while improving the ecological efficiency of ecological public welfare forest, we should overcome the shortage of management funds of ecological public welfare forest and coordinate the construction, management and protection of ecological public welfare forest and the rational utilization of forest resources. It has important practical significance for the sustainable development of ecological public welfare forest in China. The area of key ecological public welfare forest in Xianyou county is 37072.6 hm2, accounting for 29% of woodland area. The area of national ecological public welfare forest is 5864.8 hm2, the area of provincial ecological public welfare forest is 31207.8 hm2, which is mainly distributed in Mulan River Source, Forest Park, Northern Mountain area and so on. At present, the main types of ecological public welfare forest in Xianyou County are water conservation forest, soil and water conservation forest, landscape forest and so on. On the basis of investigation and research on the present situation of ecological public welfare forest construction in Xianyou County, this paper analyzes the main problems existing in the construction of ecological public welfare forest in Xianyou County: backward science and technology, single management mode, insufficient investment in management and protection, and low quality level of forest rangers. Scientific utilization is unreasonable, lack of effective supervision, serious soil and water loss at the source of Mulan Creek, low protection efficiency of coastal shelterbelt, slow progress of farmland forest network construction and so on. Under the guidance of ecological theory, forest science development theory, forest externality theory, and drawing lessons from the advanced experience of ecological public welfare forest construction at home and abroad, The strategies of ecological public welfare forest construction and sustainable development in Xianyou county should be taken as follows: depending on science and technology to improve the level of ecological forest management and protection; According to the local conditions, we should adopt appropriate management and protection mode; reasonable compensation, perfect fund guarantee mechanism; scientific management, strengthen the construction of forest protection team; rational use, strengthen self-compensation ability; clarify the power and responsibility, perfect the system of supervision and responsibility; We should strengthen the conservation and construction of Mulan Creek source ecological forest, adjust tree species, improve the comprehensive benefit of coastal shelterbelt, and strengthen the protection and construction of farmland forest network by scientific planning. It is hoped that this paper can provide some guidance and suggestions for the management and development of Xianyou ecological public welfare forest, and also provide reference for the construction of ecological public welfare forest in our province, and promote the harmonious and healthy development of the whole ecological environment.
【學位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F326.27

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本文編號：2356991