【摘要】：近年來,我國農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社得到蓬勃發(fā)展。農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社根據(jù)自身的經(jīng)濟基礎、經(jīng)營狀況、政府支持力度、合作伙伴等多個因素,可以選擇參加不同結構的供應鏈。在不同結構的供應鏈中,農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社的運行機制表現(xiàn)出較大的差異性。論文通過考察現(xiàn)實中的三類典型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈(單渠道、雙渠道和多渠道),嘗試探究影響農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社運作效率的因素。首先,在超市主導的單渠道農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈中,結合農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社具有風險規(guī)避傾向的特征,探討農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社和超市的談判地位對供應鏈運作的影響,研究農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社的質量努力水平和超市的定價策略,并設計一個成本分擔契約作為雙方的合作機制;其次,將傳統(tǒng)單渠道農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈擴展到雙渠道農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈,研究直銷區(qū)的出現(xiàn)對農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社運行機制的影響,考察直銷成本與農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社定價和質量努力水平?jīng)Q策的關系,并設計出價格補貼機制來提高供應鏈的運作效率;最后,將雙渠道農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈進一步擴展到多渠道農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈,研究新興的電商銷售模式對農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社運行機制的影響。論文研究結果表明:(1)如果市場地位越弱勢,農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社的質量努力水平將越低;農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社的風險規(guī)避傾向不會影響超市的效用水平,但會降低自身的效用水平,進而降低整個供應鏈的效用水平;合理的成本分擔契約可以實現(xiàn)雙方效用水平的Pareto改進,從而提高整個供應鏈的運作效率。(2)如果直銷成本越高,農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社的質量努力水平將越低,超市的零售價格和需求也越低;當超市零售價格一定時,雙渠道農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈中農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社的質量努力水平高于單渠道農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈;當直銷成本較低時,雙渠道農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈中農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社的效用水平高于單渠道農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈,此時相比于單渠道農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈,農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社更傾向于選擇雙渠道農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈;政府介入后,通過合理的價格補貼可以提高農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社和超市的效用水平。(3)在多渠道農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈中,直銷區(qū)需求明顯低于超市需求,但農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社的效用水平高于超市。在超市主導的供應鏈中,當需求溢出效應較大時,農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社可以通過選擇多渠道農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈來增強自身談判能力,因此,相比于雙渠道農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈,農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社應該選擇多渠道農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈。本文的研究結論對農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社、超市的運營決策以及政府的政策設計具有一定的現(xiàn)實意義。一方面,農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社應該避免完全的依賴超市銷售農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,積極地借助直銷區(qū)和電商平臺,努力的拓寬銷售渠道。另一方面,為了應對其他渠道的沖擊,超市應該提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的收購價格,努力實現(xiàn)與農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社的緊密合作。此外,政府可以大力發(fā)展直銷區(qū)和電商平臺的建設,為農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社創(chuàng)造良好的外部環(huán)境,并且加大財政補貼,鼓勵農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社在直銷區(qū)出售農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。
[Abstract]:In recent years, our country's farmer professional cooperatives have been flourishing. Farmers' professional cooperatives can choose the supply chain to participate in different structures according to their own economic base, operating conditions, government support, partners and so on. In the supply chain of different structure, the operation mechanism of farmer professional cooperative shows great difference. By examining three kinds of typical agricultural product supply chain (single channel, dual channel and multi-channel) in reality, this paper attempts to explore the factors that influence the efficiency of farmer's professional cooperative operation. First, in the supermarket-led single channel agricultural product supply chain, combined with the characteristics of the risk aversion tendency of the farmer professional cooperatives, the paper discusses the influence of the bargaining position of farmers' professional cooperatives and supermarkets on the operation of the supply chain. The paper studies the quality efforts level of farmer professional cooperatives and the pricing strategy of supermarket, designs a cost-sharing contract as the cooperation mechanism of both parties, and then extends the traditional single channel agricultural product supply chain to the dual channel agricultural product supply chain. The paper studies the influence of direct selling area on the operation mechanism of farmer's professional cooperative, investigates the relationship between direct selling cost and farmer professional cooperative pricing and quality effort level decision-making, and designs a price subsidy mechanism to improve the operation efficiency of the supply chain; finally, The double-channel agricultural product supply chain is further extended to the multi-channel agricultural product supply chain, and the influence of the emerging E-commerce sales model on the operation mechanism of farmers' professional cooperatives is studied. The results of the paper show: (1) If the market position is more vulnerable, the lower the level of the farmers' professional cooperative's quality efforts will be, the risk aversion tendency of farmers' professional cooperatives will not affect the utility level of the supermarket, but the utility level will be reduced. Furthermore, the utility level of the whole supply chain is reduced, and a reasonable cost-sharing contract can realize Pareto improvement of the utility level of both parties, thereby improving the operation efficiency of the whole supply chain. (2) The lower the direct selling cost, the lower the quality efforts of the farmers' professional cooperatives, the lower the retail price and demand of the supermarket, and when the retail price of the supermarket is certain, The quality efforts of farmers' professional cooperatives in the supply chain of dual-channel agricultural products are higher than that of single-channel agricultural products supply chain; when the direct selling cost is lower, the utility level of farmers' professional cooperatives in the double-channel agricultural product supply chain is higher than the single channel agricultural product supply chain. At this time, compared with the single channel agricultural product supply chain, the farmer professional cooperative tends to choose the dual channel agricultural product supply chain; after the government intervention, the utility level of the farmer professional cooperative and the supermarket can be improved through reasonable price subsidy. (3) In the multi-channel agricultural product supply chain, the demand of the direct-selling area is obviously lower than that of the supermarket, but the utility level of the farmer's professional cooperative is higher than that of the supermarket. In the supermarket-led supply chain, when the demand overflow effect is large, the farmer professional cooperatives can strengthen their negotiation ability by choosing the multi-channel agricultural product supply chain, therefore, compared with the dual-channel agricultural product supply chain, Farmer professional cooperatives should choose multi-channel agricultural product supply chain. The conclusion of this paper is of practical significance to the farmer's professional cooperatives, the operation decision-making of the supermarket and the policy design of the government. On the one hand, farmers' professional cooperatives should avoid full dependence on supermarkets to sell agricultural products and actively expand the sales channels with the help of the direct selling area and e-commerce platform. On the other hand, in order to cope with the impact of other channels, supermarkets should improve the purchase price of agricultural products and achieve close cooperation with farmers' professional cooperatives. In addition, the government can vigorously develop the construction of the direct selling area and the e-commerce platform, create a good external environment for the farmer professional cooperative, and increase the financial subsidy, and encourage the farmer professional cooperative to sell agricultural products in the direct selling area.
【學位授予單位】：江南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F321.42

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