【摘要】：貧困標準是貧困測量的重要基礎,準確測量和反映中國農(nóng)村貧困狀況首先需要對國家農(nóng)村貧困標準測算方法及其代表的實際生活水平有一個清晰準確的判斷。為此,本文首先全面梳理了國家農(nóng)村貧困標準的測算與調整方法,采用縱向歷史比較與橫向國際比較相結合的方式,深入分析了當前國家農(nóng)村貧困標準所代表的實際生活水平,以及現(xiàn)行國家農(nóng)村貧困標準與我國扶貧歷史實踐中采用過的另外兩個貧困標準和世界銀行提出的國際貧困標準的差異。然后簡要介紹了農(nóng)村貧困監(jiān)測體系,并對按照現(xiàn)行國家農(nóng)村貧困標準衡量的減貧成果和多維貧困緩解情況進行了量化分析。本文主要結論如下:第一,現(xiàn)行國家農(nóng)村貧困標準符合我國國情和當前發(fā)展階段,是與"兩不愁、三保障"相結合的基礎上達到穩(wěn)定溫飽要求的標準。第二,按現(xiàn)行國家農(nóng)村貧困標準測算,改革開放以來我國脫貧成就顯著,全國農(nóng)村貧困人口減少7億多人。第三,近年來,我國農(nóng)村脫貧步伐進一步加快,扶貧成效非常顯著。全國和貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村貧困人口大幅下降;貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村居民人均可支配收入增長快于全國農(nóng)村平均水平;全國和貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村居民生活條件、基礎設施和基本公共服務不斷改善。最后,在扶貧實踐中,經(jīng)常會涉及國家標準與地方標準、單一標準與多維標準、貧困監(jiān)測抽樣調查數(shù)據(jù)與建檔立卡數(shù)據(jù)之間的關系,需要有清晰的認識,并加以妥善處理。本文中使用的數(shù)據(jù)主要來源于中國住戶調查和國家農(nóng)村貧困監(jiān)測調查。
[Abstract]:Poverty standard is an important basis of poverty measurement. To accurately measure and reflect the situation of rural poverty in China, it is necessary to have a clear and accurate judgment on the measurement method of national rural poverty standard and the actual standard of living represented by it. Therefore, this paper firstly combs the calculation and adjustment methods of the national rural poverty standard, and analyzes the actual living standard represented by the current national rural poverty standard by combining the vertical historical comparison with the horizontal international comparison. And the difference between the current national rural poverty standard and the other two poverty standards used in the historical practice of poverty alleviation in China and the international poverty standard put forward by the World Bank. Then the monitoring system of rural poverty is briefly introduced, and the results of poverty reduction and multi-dimensional poverty alleviation, which are measured according to the current national rural poverty standard, are analyzed quantitatively. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the current national rural poverty standard conforms to the national conditions and the current stage of development, and is based on the combination of "two no worries, three guarantees" to meet the requirements of stable food and clothing. Second, according to the current national standards of rural poverty, China has achieved remarkable achievements in eradicating poverty since reform and opening up, and the number of rural poor nationwide has decreased by more than 700 million people. Third, in recent years, the pace of poverty alleviation in rural areas has been accelerated. The number of people living in rural poverty in the whole country and in poor areas has dropped substantially; the per capita disposable income of rural residents in poor areas has increased faster than the national average; and the living conditions of rural residents throughout the country and in poor areas have been increased. Infrastructure and basic public services are improving. Finally, in the practice of poverty alleviation, the relationship between the national and local standards, the single standard and the multidimensional standard, the sample survey data of poverty monitoring and the data of building grade card need to be clearly understood and properly dealt with. The data used in this paper mainly come from China Household Survey and National Rural Poverty Monitoring Survey.
【作者單位】： 國家統(tǒng)計局;國家統(tǒng)計局住戶調查辦公室;國家統(tǒng)計局住戶調查辦公室貧困監(jiān)測處;
【分類號】：F323.8

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本文編號：2207412