【摘要】：隨著我國農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展,以種養(yǎng)大戶、農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社、家庭農(nóng)場和農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化龍頭企業(yè)為代表的新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體日益顯示出巨大的生機與活力,并已成為我國現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的主力軍。但是由于新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體自身規(guī)模小、缺乏有效擔保抵押物、經(jīng)營效益欠佳、運行不夠規(guī)范、抗風險能力較弱,以及受到農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)弱質性和自然災害所帶來的高風險性影響,大多數(shù)新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體在發(fā)展過程中還面臨著諸多問題和挑戰(zhàn),尤其是融資難、風險分散和補償機制不健全這兩個問題長期得不到有效解決,已經(jīng)成為制約新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體可持續(xù)發(fā)展的瓶頸。而金融創(chuàng)新可為金融體系帶來新的動力和活力,它可不斷為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展帶來積極效應。因此,探究如何利用金融創(chuàng)新來破解新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體融資困難和風險管理這兩大難題就顯得尤為必要和現(xiàn)實。一般來說,導致新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體融資難的原因是多方面的,本文主要利用數(shù)理模型進行推導,認為抵押擔保物不足、銀行交費易用高和銀行機會成本大是融資難的理論原因。同時,利用官方數(shù)據(jù)和調(diào)研結果分析得出融資難的現(xiàn)實原因：第一,新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體自身存在內(nèi)部管理不規(guī)范、資金回收期長且效益偏低、對銀行貸款具有自我排斥思想等缺陷；第二,從金融機構角度來看,信貸資金結構錯位、農(nóng)村地區(qū)金融機構服務單一化、農(nóng)業(yè)保險發(fā)展滯后且擔保機構擔保功能不足都會約束信貸合約的達成；第三,從政府角度而言,土地承包經(jīng)營權抵押困難和政府政策支持不足對新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體融資造成障礙。此外,新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體在生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營中還面臨自然災害風險、市場風險、社會風險和技術風險,為了保證經(jīng)營效益,它們通常會采取一些避險措施,但由于新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體普遍存在風險意識薄弱、風險管理手段有限和內(nèi)部管理人才匱乏等問題,導致新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體的風險管理能力不強、效果不佳�；谏鲜�,應多措并舉加大金融創(chuàng)新力度來有效地支持新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體發(fā)展：第一,要加大金融產(chǎn)品和服務創(chuàng)新,包括不斷探索信貸產(chǎn)品、開發(fā)多樣化險種和創(chuàng)新?lián)ＤＪ?增加融資和風險管理的工具和手段；第二,加快農(nóng)業(yè)保險體系建設,完善農(nóng)村信用擔保體系,加大政府主導的外部風險補償力度,建立健全新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體風險管理機制；第三,加強金融機構同業(yè)合作,促使它們發(fā)揮比較優(yōu)勢,拓寬新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體的融資渠道。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of agricultural economy in China, the new agricultural management subjects, represented by large farmers, farmers' specialized cooperatives, family farms and leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization, have increasingly shown great vitality and vitality. And has become the main force in the development of modern agriculture in China. However, due to the small scale of the new agricultural main body, the lack of effective collateral, the poor benefit of the operation, the lack of standard operation, the weak ability to resist risks, and the high risk caused by the weakness of the agricultural industry and natural disasters. In the process of development, most of the new agricultural management subjects still face many problems and challenges, especially the difficulty of financing, the dispersion of risks and the unsound compensation mechanism, which can not be effectively solved for a long time. It has become the bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of the new agricultural management subject. Financial innovation can bring new impetus and vitality to financial system, and it can bring positive effect to economic development. Therefore, it is necessary and realistic to explore how to use financial innovation to solve the financing difficulties and risk management of new agricultural operators. Generally speaking, there are many reasons leading to the difficulty of financing the new agricultural management body. This paper mainly uses mathematical model to deduce that the theoretical reasons for the difficulty in financing are the shortage of mortgage collateral, the easy use of bank fees and the large opportunity cost of banks. At the same time, using official data and research results to analyze the actual reasons for financing difficulties: first, the main body of new agricultural management has its own non-standard internal management, the recovery period of funds is long and the benefit is low. Second, from the perspective of financial institutions, the structure of credit funds is misplaced, and the services of financial institutions in rural areas are single. The lagging development of agricultural insurance and the insufficient guarantee function of guarantee agencies will constrain the conclusion of credit contracts; third, from the government's point of view, The difficulty of mortgage of land contract management right and the lack of government policy support are obstacles to the financing of new agricultural management subjects. In addition, the main bodies of new agricultural operations also face natural disaster risks, market risks, social risks and technical risks in their production and operation. In order to ensure operational efficiency, they usually take some measures to avoid risks. However, the risk management ability of the new agricultural management main body is not strong and the effect is not good because of the weakness of risk consciousness, the limited risk management means and the lack of internal management personnel. Based on the above, more efforts should be taken to increase financial innovation in order to effectively support the development of new types of agricultural operators: first, we should increase innovation in financial products and services, including continuous exploration of credit products, development of diversified insurance types and innovative guarantee models, Second, accelerate the construction of agricultural insurance system, perfect the rural credit guarantee system, strengthen the external risk compensation led by the government, and establish and perfect the risk management mechanism of the new agricultural management body. Third, strengthen the interbank cooperation of financial institutions, urge them to give play to their comparative advantages and broaden the financing channels of new agricultural operators.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F832.43;F324

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