本文選題：農(nóng)村居民點整理潛力 + 耕地潛力　； 參考：《陜西師范大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展,建設用地需求量一直持續(xù)增加,人類活動如城鎮(zhèn)化、工業(yè)化、產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型、產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚占用大量耕地,城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu),城鄉(xiāng)收入差距大,農(nóng)村勞動力流向城市,農(nóng)村住房建設缺乏統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃,老宅退出機制缺失,農(nóng)民白發(fā)蓋房,布局混亂,造成建設用地面積大,利用效率低,大量宅基地荒廢,農(nóng)村基礎設施難以成效,制約了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,嚴重違背了我國建設社會主義新農(nóng)村目標的宗旨。因此,為了緩解保護耕地和經(jīng)濟建設的矛盾,保持耕地總量動態(tài)平衡的目標的實現(xiàn),實現(xiàn)新農(nóng)村建設,改善農(nóng)村生活環(huán)境,我國提出了農(nóng)村居民點整理。但是,在開展整理工作之前,必需弄明白潛力的多少與分布。因此,農(nóng)村居民點整理潛力測評是進行農(nóng)村整理規(guī)劃工作開展的必要前提。本文選擇旬陽縣為研究樣區(qū),通過文獻研究法、定量分析、定性分析、疊加法等基礎方法和AHP決策分析方法,計算出農(nóng)村居民點整理潛力,研究結(jié)論有：(1)將農(nóng)村居民點整理潛力劃分為理論潛力、耕地潛力和可開發(fā)潛力。其中,理論潛力是指僅受到農(nóng)村居民點用地目前狀態(tài)、農(nóng)村居民戶數(shù)及用地標準的限制；耕地潛力是在自然條件約束下,理論潛力基礎上可以轉(zhuǎn)化作為耕地用途的整理潛力；可開發(fā)潛力是在當前時期,耕地潛力在經(jīng)濟與社會約束下可以實現(xiàn)的潛力,表現(xiàn)出更具有在現(xiàn)實操作上的可實現(xiàn)性的特征。(2)旬陽縣土地利用數(shù)量結(jié)構(gòu)特征為以林地與耕地為主,其他地類也有不同程度的變化。耕地面積減少2941.47公頃,林地面積增加2615.22公頃；草地面積變化不明顯；水域面積10年間發(fā)生增加,主要原因是政策導向下旬陽縣水庫水利設施工程建設引起的；建設用地面積增加,增速居高,以每年121.5公頃的速度在增加；未利用地面積減少,10年時間里旬陽縣85%的未利用都已經(jīng)被開墾利用,未利用地后備資源不足已經(jīng)成為旬陽縣土地利用存在的重大問題。(3)旬陽縣土地利用空間結(jié)構(gòu)變化存在區(qū)域差異。具體來說,銅錢關鎮(zhèn)、赤巖鎮(zhèn)、蜀河鎮(zhèn)等6個鎮(zhèn)的耕地相對變化率遠大于1,耕地變化幅度高于旬陽縣整個區(qū)域；赤巖鎮(zhèn)、雙河鎮(zhèn)和小河鎮(zhèn)的林地相對變化率遠大于1,林地變化幅度高于旬陽縣整個區(qū)域；個別鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)草地相對變化率大于1,但是由于草地面積基數(shù)小,其變化不夠明顯；對建設用地而言,旬陽縣面積變化情況明顯,但由于各個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的建設用地的變化情況都大,反而空間相對變化率差距在數(shù)值1周圍擺動；對于水域來說,除關口鎮(zhèn)外,其他鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的相對變化率比較集中在數(shù)值1附近,說明其與整個旬陽縣水域變化幅度相近；未利用地相對變化率大部分鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)都大于1,說明這些鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的未利用地變化幅度比旬陽縣整個區(qū)域高。(4)本文選取位于陜西東南部具有秦巴山地特征的旬陽縣作為研究樣區(qū),按照鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)行政界線劃分單元,測算出農(nóng)村居民點整理的理論潛力、耕地潛力和可開發(fā)潛力。測算結(jié)果如下：旬陽縣合計理論潛力225.41公頃,理論潛力高的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)位于旬陽縣中北部部分鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)以及南部的銅錢關鎮(zhèn)；耕地潛力合計124.168公頃,主要位于旬陽縣縣鎮(zhèn)周邊部分鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn),包括城棕溪鎮(zhèn)、蜀河鎮(zhèn)、呂河鎮(zhèn)等；可開發(fā)潛力合計73.896公頃,主要在城關鎮(zhèn)、棕溪鎮(zhèn)、呂河鎮(zhèn)、蜀河鎮(zhèn)等地。(5)旬陽縣農(nóng)村居民點整理潛力大小劃分為三個等級。一級潛力區(qū)包括城關鎮(zhèn)、棕溪鎮(zhèn)、蜀河鎮(zhèn)和呂河鎮(zhèn),耕地潛力合計63.236公頃,其中可開發(fā)潛力40.988公頃；二級潛力區(qū)包括雙河鎮(zhèn)、麻坪鎮(zhèn)、段家河鎮(zhèn)及仙河鎮(zhèn),耕地潛力開發(fā)30.897公頃,可開發(fā)潛力15.490公頃；其余鎮(zhèn)屬于三級潛力區(qū)中,其耕地潛力合計30,035公頃,可開發(fā)潛力17.419公頃。(6)旬陽縣農(nóng)村居民點整理存在的問題和解決對策。研究區(qū)域農(nóng)村居民點整理存在的問題主要表現(xiàn)在農(nóng)村土地產(chǎn)權(quán)不明確、分散居民集中居住管理、資金渠道狹窄以及農(nóng)民利益缺乏保障。針對旬陽縣農(nóng)村居民點整理存在的問題,本文提出了一些切實可行的政策措施,包括加大宣傳,提高農(nóng)村居民點對居民點整理工作的認識；編制農(nóng)村居民點整理規(guī)劃,科學的建立差別式整理運作模式；拓寬整理融資渠道,加強公眾參與力度。保證旬陽縣的農(nóng)村居民點整理工作有序進行,為發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟、提高農(nóng)民生活水平做好充足的準備。
[Abstract]:China's rapid economic development, the demand for construction land has continued to increase, human activities such as urbanization, industrialization, industrial transformation, industrial agglomeration of a large number of cultivated land, urban and rural two yuan structure, urban and rural income gap, rural labor flow to the city, rural housing construction, the lack of unified planning for housing construction, the retirement mechanism of old houses, farmers white hair cover housing, cloth The chaos has resulted in the large area of construction land, low utilization efficiency, a large number of homestead waste, and the rural infrastructure is difficult to be effective, which restricts the development of the rural economy and violates the aim of building a new socialist countryside in our country. Therefore, in order to alleviate the contradiction between the protection of cultivated land and the economic construction, the objective of maintaining the dynamic balance of the total amount of cultivated land is maintained. In order to realize the construction of the new countryside and improve the living environment in the countryside, China has put forward the rural settlements arrangement. However, before carrying out the work, it is necessary to understand the potential and distribution of the potential. Therefore, the evaluation of the potential of the rural settlements is the prerequisite for the development of the rural consolidation and planning work. In this paper, Xunyang county is selected as the research sample. In the area, through literature research, quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, superposition method and AHP decision analysis method, the potential of rural settlements consolidation is calculated. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the potential of rural residential consolidation is divided into theoretical potential, cultivated land potential and potential development potential. The current status, the number of rural residents and the limits of land use standards; cultivated land potential is under the constraints of natural conditions, the potential of the theoretical potential can be transformed as the consolidation potential of cultivated land use; the potential for development is in the current period, the potential of cultivated land potential in the economic and social constraints can be realized, showing more practical operation. (2) the land use quantity structure of Xunyang county is mainly composed of woodland and cultivated land, and other types of land have different degrees. The area of cultivated land is reduced by 2941.47 hectares, the area of woodland is increased by 2615.22 hectares, the change of grassland area is not obvious; the area of water area has increased in 10 years, mainly due to the policy orientation in the late ten days of the year. The construction of water conservancy facilities in Yang county is caused by the construction of water conservancy facilities. The area of construction land is increasing, the growth rate is high, the speed of 121.5 hectares is increasing every year. The unused land area is reduced and the 85% of Xunyang county has been reclaimed in 10 years. The shortage of reserve resources of unused land has become a major problem of land use in Xunyang county. (3) there are regional differences in the spatial structure change of land use in Xunyang county. In particular, the relative change rate of the cultivated land in 6 towns, such as copper Qian Guan Town, Chek Yan town and Shu He Town, is far greater than 1, the change range of cultivated land is higher than that of the whole region of Xunyang County; the relative change rate of the woodland in Chek Rock Town, Shuanghe town and Xiaohe Town is far greater than 1, and the change range of the woodland is higher than that of Xunyang County In the whole area, the relative change rate of the grassland in some villages and towns is more than 1, but the change of the area of Xunyang county is obvious because of the small base area of the grassland; but for the construction land, the change of the area of the county is obvious, but because of the large changes in the construction land of the villages and towns, the gap in the space is swinging around the value of the value of 1. In addition to Guan Kou Town, the relative change rate of other villages and towns is concentrated near the value of 1, indicating that it is similar to that of the whole Xunyang county. The relative change rate of the unused land is more than 1, indicating that the unused land changes in these towns are higher than the whole area of Xunyang county. (4) this paper is located in the southeast of Shaanxi. Xunyang County, which has the characteristics of Qinba mountain area, as the research sample area, according to the division unit of the township administrative boundary, calculates the theoretical potential, the potential and the potential of the rural settlements. The results are as follows: the total potential of Xunyang county is 225.41 hectares, and the town with high theoretical potential is located in the middle and north parts of the Xunyang county and the south. A total of 124.168 hectares of cultivated land, mainly located in the surrounding towns of Xunyang county and County town, including City palm brook town, Shu He Town, Luhe Town, etc.; the potential for development is 73.896 hectares, mainly in Chengguan Town, brown Creek Town, Luhe Town, Shu He Town and other places. (5) the potential of rural settlements in Xunyang county is divided into three grades. The first level potential areas include Chengguan Town, palm brook town, Shu and Luhe town and Luhe Town, with a total potential of 63.236 hectares, of which the potential for development is 40.988 hectares, and the two level potential areas include Shuanghe Town, Maping Town, Duojia River town and Xian he Town, 30.897 hectares of cultivated land potential, 15.490 hectares of latent capacity, and the remaining towns belonging to the three level potential area. The potential of the land is 30035 hectares, and the potential for development is 17.419 hectares. (6) the existing problems and solutions to the rural settlements in Xunyang county. The main problems in the study of the regional rural settlements are mainly manifested in the unclear rural land property rights, the scattered residents' centralized residence management, the narrow channels of the capital and the lack of guarantee for the farmers' interests. The problems existing in the rural settlements in Xunyang County, this paper puts forward some practical and feasible policies and measures, including increasing publicity to improve the understanding of the rural residential points for the settlement of residential areas, the compilation of rural settlements planning, the scientific establishment of differential arrangement mode, the expansion of financing channels, and the strengthening of public participation. To ensure the orderly operation of rural residential areas in Xunyang County, and make adequate preparations for the development of the agricultural economy and the improvement of farmers' living standards.
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F301

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本文編號：2114450