發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-02 11:33

  本文選題：渭干河—庫(kù)車河三角洲綠洲 + 土地利用/土地覆被�。� 參考：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)》2017年18期

【摘要】：【目的】耕地資源的變化特征是土地利用與土地覆被變化研究的重要內(nèi)容,也是關(guān)系到耕地安全與糧食安全的重大問(wèn)題。新疆作為中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)用地較多和后備耕地資源較大的省區(qū),在中國(guó)耕地資源保護(hù)和持續(xù)利用中具有突出地位。渭庫(kù)綠洲是新疆最典型的荒漠綠洲區(qū),是阿克蘇地區(qū)最大的灌溉區(qū)及新疆重要的產(chǎn)棉區(qū)之一,深入了解該綠洲耕地分布及其變化過(guò)程,對(duì)指導(dǎo)該綠洲農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展,保障生態(tài)安全至關(guān)重要。【方法】本研究以遙感資料為數(shù)據(jù)源,選取動(dòng)態(tài)度、區(qū)位指數(shù)和板塊密度等地理計(jì)量模型揭示渭庫(kù)綠洲近21 a來(lái)耕地的時(shí)空變化特征,分析其變化的主要原因。【結(jié)果】(1)近21a年渭庫(kù)綠洲耕地發(fā)生了顯著的時(shí)空變化。耕地面積從1994年的2 488km2增加到2015年的3 931 km2,研究期間增加了1 443 km2,耕地面積的比例從17%上升到26%,年均變化量68.71km2,年均變化率2.7%;耕地?cái)U(kuò)展中心逐漸由綠洲中上游轉(zhuǎn)移到下游,并延伸到綠洲外圍,主要表現(xiàn)以耕地為主的農(nóng)業(yè)用地和建設(shè)用地為主的非農(nóng)業(yè)用地增加,以及鹽漬地和水域大面積減少;(2)從區(qū)位指數(shù)來(lái)看,各縣的區(qū)位指數(shù)存在一定的差異,其中新和縣的耕地區(qū)位指數(shù)均排在第一位,耕地聚集程度遠(yuǎn)高于全區(qū)平均和其他地區(qū),沙雅縣的耕地區(qū)位指數(shù)位于第二,聚集程度也高于全區(qū)平均值,庫(kù)車縣的耕地區(qū)位指數(shù)最小�！窘Y(jié)論】經(jīng)過(guò)近21 a的耕地?cái)U(kuò)展,耕地景觀由已雜亂破碎斑塊逐漸連接成片,耕地景觀的優(yōu)勢(shì)進(jìn)一步增加。降水和徑流的增加為渭庫(kù)綠洲耕地?cái)U(kuò)展提供了相對(duì)有利的氣候條件,水利建設(shè)與人口增長(zhǎng)是影響該綠洲耕地面積變化的主要原因。本研究提出的分析方法能快速、客觀反映區(qū)域耕地格局的動(dòng)態(tài)變化過(guò)程和差異特征,為耕地時(shí)空變化研究提供了一種新思路。
[Abstract]:[objective] the change characteristic of cultivated land resource is the important content of land use and land cover change research, and it is also a major problem related to cultivated land security and food security. Xinjiang, as a province with more agricultural land and larger reserve cultivated land resources, plays a prominent role in the protection and sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources in China. Weiku oasis is the most typical desert oasis area in Xinjiang, the largest irrigation area in Aksu area and one of the important cotton producing areas in Xinjiang. It is very important to ensure ecological security. [methods] based on remote sensing data sources, this study selected geographic measurement models, such as dynamic degree, location index and plate density, to reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics of cultivated land in Weiku oasis in recent 21 years. [results] (1) in recent 21 years, the cultivated land in Weiku oasis has undergone significant temporal and spatial changes. The cultivated land area increased from 2 488km2 in 1994 to 3 931 km2 in 2015. During the study period, the cultivated land area increased by 1 443 km2, the proportion of cultivated land area increased from 17% to 26 km2, the average annual change amount was 68.71 km2, and the average annual change rate was 2.7%, and the cultivated land extension center gradually moved from the middle and upper reaches of the oasis to the lower reaches. And extended to the periphery of the oasis, mainly showing the increase of agricultural land mainly cultivated land and non-agricultural land mainly used for construction, as well as the decrease of salinized land and large area of water area. (2) from the location index point of view, there are some differences in the location index of each county. The cultivated land location index of Xinhe County is ranked first, the degree of cultivated land aggregation is much higher than the average of the whole region and other regions, and the cultivated land location index of Shaya County is in the second place, and the aggregation degree is also higher than the average value of the whole region. [conclusion] after the expansion of cultivated land for nearly 21 years, the cultivated land landscape was gradually connected into pieces from scattered patches, and the superiority of cultivated land landscape was further increased. The increase of precipitation and runoff provides relatively favorable climatic conditions for the expansion of cultivated land in Weiku oasis. Water conservancy construction and population growth are the main reasons that affect the change of cultivated land area in this oasis. The analytical method proposed in this study can reflect the dynamic change process and difference characteristics of regional cultivated land pattern objectively and provide a new way of thinking for the study of temporal and spatial change of cultivated land.
【作者單位】： 新疆大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院;新疆大學(xué)綠洲生態(tài)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)資源區(qū)劃辦公室;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(41361016,40901163,41130531,41561089) 新疆大學(xué)博士啟動(dòng)基金(BS120116) 新疆維吾爾科技廳基金(2014KL005,2013711014)
【分類號(hào)】：F323.211

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