本文選題：黑龍江 + 種植結(jié)構(gòu)�。� 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：21世紀(jì)人類面臨的一個(gè)主要挑戰(zhàn)就是糧食安全問題,糧食安全問題也一直是世界各國研究的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)課題,種植業(yè)是農(nóng)業(yè)的一個(gè)重要組成部分,種植業(yè)與糧食安全問題密切相關(guān),可以說,種植業(yè)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展關(guān)系到國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會的快速穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。黑龍江省是我國13個(gè)糧食主產(chǎn)省份之一,黑龍江省的糧食生產(chǎn)擔(dān)負(fù)著我國糧食安全保障的重要任務(wù)。因此,黑龍江省也一直都將糧食生產(chǎn)擺在農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村、農(nóng)民工作的突出位置,緊密圍繞“穩(wěn)面積,調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),強(qiáng)科技,增單產(chǎn),提品質(zhì)”的我省種植業(yè)發(fā)展方針,實(shí)現(xiàn)了黑龍江省糧食產(chǎn)量十一年的連續(xù)增長。我國的糧食價(jià)格和產(chǎn)量有幾次較大的波動,這表明我國的種植業(yè)在結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整等方面還有一些問題存在。因此,深入研究我國種植業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整問題,對于保障我國的糧食生產(chǎn)、促進(jìn)我國種植業(yè)的健康發(fā)展具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本篇論文選取了黑龍江省作為研究的區(qū)域,以1980-2010年的農(nóng)業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)為數(shù)據(jù)源,基于種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的相關(guān)理論,運(yùn)用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)和GIS空間分析方法,分析研究區(qū)的四種主要農(nóng)作物,水稻、玉米、大豆、小麥的種植結(jié)構(gòu)在時(shí)間維度和空間維度上發(fā)生的變化,運(yùn)用了因子降維模型,分析了我國種植結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)空格局演變的影響因素,并選取了典型縣來闡明自然因素,對我國農(nóng)作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)空格局演變的作用機(jī)理。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)在過去的30年間,黑龍江省的農(nóng)作物播種面積發(fā)生了顯著變化,農(nóng)作物總播種面積由1980年的872.4萬hm2增加到2010年的1425萬hm2,糧食播種面積由1980年的731.8萬hm2增加到2010年的1354.9萬hm2。在20世紀(jì)80年代,黑龍江省的糧食播種面積呈波動性增長的趨勢,在1988年,黑龍江省的農(nóng)作物總播種面積和糧食播種面積都有所減少,農(nóng)作物總的播種面積達(dá)到了最低值823.8萬hm2,糧食播種面積達(dá)到了最低值688.6萬hm2。在20世紀(jì)90年代,黑龍江省的農(nóng)作物總播種面積和糧食作物播種面積進(jìn)入到了相對穩(wěn)定性增長的時(shí)期。進(jìn)入到了21世紀(jì)之后,黑龍江省的農(nóng)作物總播種面積和糧食作物播種面積進(jìn)入到了跨越性增長時(shí)期。可以將黑龍江省農(nóng)作物播種面積的走勢概括為開始呈現(xiàn)波動性增長,后期呈現(xiàn)持續(xù)快速增長。(2)黑龍江省主要農(nóng)作物的播種比重呈現(xiàn)出了較強(qiáng)的規(guī)律性。大豆的種植范圍向黑龍江省農(nóng)作區(qū)的北部和西部地區(qū)移動,大豆的種植比重增加比較明顯,1980年,大豆的播種比例最大的縣為五常市。1990年,水稻播種比例最大的縣為方正縣,2000年,黑龍江省水稻的播種比例持續(xù)增加,其中增加較多的是黑龍江省的東北部區(qū)域,2010年,水稻的播種比例主要分布在富錦市與撫遠(yuǎn)縣。黑龍江省玉米的種植區(qū)域的空間變化不大,主要分布在黑龍江省農(nóng)作區(qū)的西南部地區(qū)。黑龍江省小麥的種植區(qū)域由原來的大小興安嶺的大部分地區(qū)、三江平原的北部及東北部地區(qū)和松嫩平原的北部地區(qū),縮減為大興安嶺的東部地區(qū)。(3)通過對黑龍江省農(nóng)作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)的自然因素和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)影響因素進(jìn)行主成分分析,可知,1990年和2010年的主成分分析中的第一主成分相同,都是≥0℃積溫、≥10℃積溫和高程平均值,貢獻(xiàn)率都接近50%,能夠體現(xiàn)出自然因素對黑龍江省種植結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和變化產(chǎn)生的影響。(4)黑龍江省≥0℃積溫和≥10℃的年平均活動積溫分布地區(qū)的差異較大,而且積溫的垂直變化明顯,多年年平均≥0℃積溫的介于2066.3℃-3494.8℃之間,多年年平均≥10℃活動積溫的介于1710.4℃-3176℃之間。在總體上而言,黑龍江省地區(qū)≥0℃、≥10℃的活動積溫表現(xiàn)出明顯的南北差異和東西差異。黑龍江省年平均積溫呈現(xiàn)出從西南向西北遞減的趨勢,黑龍江省其他地區(qū)的年平均積溫明顯高于大興安嶺地區(qū)。大興安嶺地區(qū)有三個(gè)區(qū)域的年平均積溫明顯低于其它地區(qū),分別是漠河縣、塔河縣和呼瑪縣。黑龍江省≥0℃積溫和≥10℃積溫的最高值處于泰來縣,其年平均積溫高達(dá)3494.8℃、3176℃。
[Abstract]:One of the major challenges facing mankind in the twenty-first Century is the problem of food security. The problem of grain security has always been a key issue in the world. Planting is an important part of agriculture. The planting industry is closely related to the problem of food security. It can be said that the stable development of the planting industry is related to the rapid development of the national economy and the society. Heilongjiang province is one of the 13 major grain producing provinces in China. The grain production in Heilongjiang province plays an important role in the security of grain security in China. Therefore, Heilongjiang province has always placed grain production in agriculture, rural areas and farmers' work, and closely circled the "stable area, the structure, the strong science and technology, the increase of the single production and the quality." The development policy of our province's planting industry has realized the continuous growth of grain output in Heilongjiang province for eleven years. The grain price and output of our country have several great fluctuations, which indicates that there are some problems in the structure adjustment of our country's planting industry. Therefore, it is necessary to study the structural adjustment of the planting industry in our country, and to guarantee our country. The grain production in China is of practical significance to promote the healthy development of the planting industry in China. This paper selects Heilongjiang Province as the research area, takes 1980-2010 years of agricultural statistics as the data source, based on the related theories of the adjustment of the planting structure, and analyzes the four main farming fields in the study area by means of mathematical statistics and GIS space analysis. The changes in the time dimension and spatial dimension of the planting structure of rice, rice, corn, soybean and wheat were changed in the time dimension and the spatial dimension. The factors affecting the spatio-temporal pattern evolution of the planting structure in China were analyzed by using the factor reduction model, and the typical counties were selected to clarify the mechanism of the spatio-temporal pattern evolution of the agricultural crop planting structure in China. The results showed that: (1) in the past 30 years, the crop sown area of Heilongjiang province has changed significantly, the total sown area of crops increased from 8 million 724 thousand Hm2 in 1980 to 14 million 250 thousand Hm2 in 2010. The grain sown area increased from 7 million 318 thousand Hm2 in 1980 to 13 million 549 thousand hm2. in 2010, in 1980s, grain sowing surface in Heilongjiang province. The product showed a trend of fluctuating growth. In 1988, the total sown area and grain sown area of Heilongjiang province were reduced, the total sown area of the crops reached the minimum value of 8 million 238 thousand Hm2, the grain sown area reached the minimum value of 6 million 886 thousand hm2. in 1990s, the total sown area and grain crop of the crops in Heilongjiang province. The sown area entered the period of relatively stable growth. After twenty-first Century, the total sown area of crops and the sown area of grain crops in Heilongjiang province entered a period of leapfrog growth. The trend of the crop sown area in Heilongjiang province can be summarized as the beginning of the fluctuating growth, and the later period is increasing rapidly. (2) the proportion of sowing of main crops in Heilongjiang province showed a strong regularity. The planting range of soybean moved to the northern and western regions of Heilongjiang agricultural region. The increase of soybean planting proportion was more obvious. In 1980, the largest proportion of soybean in the county was five city.1990 years, and the County with the largest proportion of rice sowing was square. In 2000, the proportion of rice sowing in Heilongjiang province continued to increase, which increased more in the northeast region of Heilongjiang province. In 2010, the proportion of rice sowing was mainly distributed in Fujin and Fuyuan county. The spatial change of the maize planting area in Heilongjiang province was not large, mainly distributed in the southwestern region of the agricultural region of Heilongjiang province. The planting area of the province wheat is reduced to the eastern region of the great Hinggan Mountains in most areas of the original size of Xing'an Mountains, the northern and northeastern regions of the three rivers plain and the northern part of the Songnen Plain. (3) through the principal component analysis of the natural factors and socioeconomic factors of the crop planting structure in Heilongjiang Province, 1990 The first principal component of the principal component analysis in 2010 and 2010 is equal to the accumulated temperature above 0 degrees C, the accumulated temperature of above 10 degrees centigrade and the average value, and the contribution rate is close to 50%. It can reflect the influence of natural factors on the adjustment and change of the planting structure in Heilongjiang Province. (4) the annual average accumulated temperature distribution area over 0 degrees Celsius and more than 10 degrees in Heilongjiang Province The difference is large and the vertical change of accumulated temperature is obvious. The average accumulated temperature of more than 0 degrees is between 2066.3 and -3494.8 C for many years, and the accumulated temperature of more than 10 degrees is between 1710.4 and -3176 C for years. In general, the area of the Heilongjiang Province is more than 0 and the activity temperature of more than 10 degrees shows obvious north and South differences and differences. The annual average accumulated temperature in Jiangan province is decreasing from the southwest to the northwest, and the annual average accumulated temperature in other areas in Heilongjiang Province is obviously higher than that in the Daxinganling area. The annual average accumulated temperature of three regions in the Daxinganling area is obviously lower than that of other areas, namely, Mohe County, Tahe county and HMA county. The accumulated temperature of more than 0 degrees centigrade in Heilongjiang Province and the accumulated temperature of more than 10 degrees centigrade The highest value is in Tailai county. Its annual accumulated temperature is as high as 3494.8 degrees centigrade and 3176 degrees Celsius.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F326.1

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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