本文選題：橫瀝鎮(zhèn) + 水稻�。� 參考：《華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：廣東省是我國主要的水稻種植區(qū)之一,屬于全國13個糧食主產(chǎn)省份之一。廣東省自然資源豐富,丘陵山區(qū)面積較大,生態(tài)環(huán)境優(yōu)良,光照充足,雨水豐富,適宜雙季稻的種植,是我國稻米生產(chǎn)的主產(chǎn)區(qū)。其中惠州市獨特的地理及氣候優(yōu)勢,使該區(qū)域成為優(yōu)勢的農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)出區(qū)。隨著社會的飛速發(fā)展,農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染現(xiàn)象開始突顯,對水稻生產(chǎn)和人體健康以及該區(qū)域的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展和農(nóng)民增收造成了威脅。同時丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)水平還較低,地區(qū)之間差異較大,落后的機械化水平也制約了當?shù)厮镜恼Ｉa(chǎn)。本文通過調(diào)查研究等方法,分析了惠州市橫瀝鎮(zhèn)水稻生產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)狀。結(jié)果表明:1.近年來橫瀝鎮(zhèn)水稻畝產(chǎn)和稻谷人均占有量開始下降,在2012~2013年分別下降了11.68%和15.74%,農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)值從2011~2015年下降了1.42%。2.政府提高了組織化管理程度,大力發(fā)展建設(shè)農(nóng)田水利機械設(shè)施。2015年橫瀝鎮(zhèn)的有效灌溉面積為47842畝,占惠州市四個城鎮(zhèn)(橫瀝鎮(zhèn)、馬安鎮(zhèn)、蘆洲鎮(zhèn)和汝湖鎮(zhèn))總有效灌溉面積的42.47%。3.農(nóng)業(yè)機械總動力為12227KW,占四個城鎮(zhèn)總農(nóng)業(yè)機械總動力的22.05%。政府加大了對山區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)購買機械設(shè)備的補貼,2015年橫瀝鎮(zhèn)機械補貼達到40萬元以上,占四大城鎮(zhèn)總購機補貼的83.44%。4.而橫瀝鎮(zhèn)因化肥的不合理使用導致農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染現(xiàn)象比較嚴重,2015年農(nóng)業(yè)化肥使用量達到3042噸,占四個城鎮(zhèn)總農(nóng)業(yè)化肥使用量的32.00%,嚴重制約了稻田的可持續(xù)利用期限和稻米的優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)。5.同時橫瀝鎮(zhèn)水稻生產(chǎn)還存在一些問題和不足:(1)農(nóng)村勞動力短缺,水稻生產(chǎn)成本提高;(2)農(nóng)田和農(nóng)機基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不健全;(3)組織化程度較低,土地流轉(zhuǎn)意識較差;(4)農(nóng)機與農(nóng)藝技術(shù)不配套;(5)政府對山區(qū)扶持力度還需加強。通過分析橫瀝鎮(zhèn)水稻生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀,指出其存在一些問題,同時借鑒發(fā)達國家治理農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染和丘陵地區(qū)機械化發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗,從而為改善和促進水稻的生產(chǎn)提供保障,以期達到綠色生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展需求,提高水稻機械化生產(chǎn)水平,加速橫瀝鎮(zhèn)水稻的生產(chǎn)與發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Guangdong province is one of the main rice planting area in China, belongs to one of the 13 major grain producing provinces. Guangdong province is rich in natural resources, in the hilly area of large area, excellent ecological environment, abundant rainfall, adequate light, suitable for rice cultivation, is the main producing areas of rice production in China. The city of Huizhou unique geographical and the climate in the region advantage, become the dominant crop output area. With the rapid development of society, the phenomenon of agricultural non-point source pollution began to highlight on rice production and human health as well as the regional agricultural development and farmers' income caused by the threat. At the same time the level of agricultural production in hilly mountainous areas is still relatively low, the differences between the level of mechanization. The backward also restricted the normal production of local rice. Through the investigation, analysis of the current situation of rice production in Hengli Town, Huizhou city. The results showed that: 1. the town in recent years Rice and rice yield per capita consumption began to decline, 11.68% and 15.74% respectively decreased in 2012~2013 years, agricultural production fell 1.42%.2. the government improve the organizational management level from 2011~2015, vigorously develop the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities mechanical.2015 Hengli Town, effective irrigation area of 47842 mu, accounting for four of Huizhou city (Hengli Town Town, Ma Lu, Zhou Zhen Ru and 42.47%.3.), the total power of agricultural machinery total effective irrigation area is 12227KW, accounting for four of total power of agricultural machinery total urban 22.05%. government increased the mechanical equipment purchase of mountain towns subsidies, 2015, Hengli Town machinery subsidies reached more than 400 thousand yuan, accounting for four of the total urban purchase subsidies 83.44%.4. Hengli Town due to unreasonable use of chemical fertilizer in agricultural non-point source pollution is more serious, the use of fertilizers in 2015 reached 3042 tons, accounting for four of total agricultural town Fertilizer use amount of 32%, seriously restrict the sustainable utilization of paddy rice high yield period and.5. at the same time, Hengli Town, rice production has some problems and shortcomings: (1) rural labor shortage, the cost of rice production increased; (2) farmland and agricultural infrastructure is not complete; (3) the lower the degree of organization the transfer of land, poor awareness; (4) agricultural machinery and agronomic technology is not complete; (5) government support on mountainous areas need to be strengthened. By analyzing the production status of Hengli Town, rice, points out the existing problems, and drawing on the experience of governance in developed countries the development of mechanization of agricultural non-point source pollution and hilly areas of experience, so as to provide protection to improve and promote the rice production, in order to achieve the green ecological agriculture development needs, improve the level of mechanization of rice production, accelerate the production and development of Hengli Town of rice.

【學位授予單位】：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F326.11

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