本文選題：城鎮(zhèn)化　切入點：農(nóng)業(yè)推廣　出處：《蘭州大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文主要探討我國西北干旱半干旱區(qū)具有典型代表性的武威市涼州區(qū)的城鎮(zhèn)化進程中農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣工作存在的問題及對策分析。針對城鎮(zhèn)化進程中人口、土地和資金的流動作為研究分析的邏輯起點,通過對城鎮(zhèn)化的空間地理分布與核心內(nèi)容中要素流動帶來的生產(chǎn)結構、就業(yè)結構、消費模式以及居住方式的四個轉變進行論述,從而梳理出武威市涼州區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)化進程中農(nóng)業(yè)推廣現(xiàn)狀、發(fā)展思路及存在的問題,明確了農(nóng)業(yè)推廣既是聯(lián)系農(nóng)業(yè)科研和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的紐帶,又與人口、土地和資金相互關聯(lián)。通過對當前城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展的關鍵階段的分析,顯示出城鎮(zhèn)化建設存在著質量不夠完善。城鎮(zhèn)化進程中建設用地占用耕地的速度遠超接納消化農(nóng)村失地勞動力的進度,在推進城鎮(zhèn)化時,農(nóng)村特別是城市近郊大量優(yōu)質耕地更改為建設用地、區(qū)域城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展在規(guī)劃布局上顯著不均衡、城鎮(zhèn)化進程存在粗放發(fā)展的問題,農(nóng)業(yè)土地產(chǎn)出率、資源利用率效率低下,基礎設施規(guī)劃投入和管理很不科學、農(nóng)民對城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)推廣都產(chǎn)生抵觸情緒,另一方面城鎮(zhèn)化沖擊又使農(nóng)民對農(nóng)業(yè)推廣工作抱觀望態(tài)度,相當一部分農(nóng)民對城鎮(zhèn)化和未來農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式產(chǎn)生誤解,農(nóng)村勞動力老齡化嚴重,常規(guī)農(nóng)業(yè)推廣工作效率低下,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動中客觀存在的不確定因素甚至風險得不到有效解決,加之傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營意識使農(nóng)民不敢對農(nóng)業(yè)科技成果投入,導致農(nóng)業(yè)推廣工作緩慢甚至停滯、城鄉(xiāng)差距較大,且呈現(xiàn)出持續(xù)擴大的趨勢等等的實際。涼州區(qū)的城鎮(zhèn)化進程以政府引導為主線、以土地流轉為著力點,城鎮(zhèn)化進程客觀上擴大了農(nóng)畜產(chǎn)品的市場,是農(nóng)民對農(nóng)業(yè)推廣主動需求的原動力。同時,城鎮(zhèn)化也使得農(nóng)村土地流轉、農(nóng)業(yè)資源節(jié)約化利用、農(nóng)業(yè)科技推廣規(guī)�；瘧贸蔀楝F(xiàn)實。城鎮(zhèn)化還釋放出大量的農(nóng)村青壯年勞力,滿足大中型農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動的勞動力需求。通過對農(nóng)村發(fā)展中存在的現(xiàn)實問題和制約農(nóng)業(yè)推廣各種因素的分析歸納,在結合武威市涼州區(qū)發(fā)展實際、總結城鎮(zhèn)化和現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)推廣工作正反兩方面經(jīng)驗的基礎上,借鑒國內(nèi)外農(nóng)業(yè)推廣工作在城鎮(zhèn)化進程中取得的有益經(jīng)驗,針對以上影響和制約武威市涼州區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)推廣工作成效的因素,提出準確定位農(nóng)村工作中農(nóng)業(yè)推廣的技術需求、培育農(nóng)業(yè)科研推廣部門工作主動性、政策制定必須適應農(nóng)業(yè)推廣受眾的轉變、廣泛采用參與式培訓推廣模式、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營各類資源成本與抗風險能力的進一步統(tǒng)一、培育壯大中介組織、政府配套資金引導、強化農(nóng)業(yè)推廣人才隊伍,提高農(nóng)民農(nóng)業(yè)科技素養(yǎng)、探索構建推廣工作的一體化模式、以示范點帶動,提高農(nóng)民接納現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)高新技術的積極性、推動土地流轉,促進農(nóng)業(yè)科技應用等方面探討涼州區(qū)發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)推廣工作的對策建議。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the problems and countermeasures of agricultural technology extension in the urbanization process of Liangzhou District of Wuwei City, which is typical in arid and semi-arid region of northwest China.In view of the population, land and capital flow in the process of urbanization as the logical starting point of research and analysis, through the spatial geographical distribution of urbanization and the flow of key elements in the core content of the production structure, employment structure,The four changes of consumption pattern and living mode are discussed, so as to sort out the present situation of agricultural extension, development ideas and existing problems in the urbanization process of Liangzhou District, Wuwei City.It is clear that agricultural extension is not only the link between agricultural research and agricultural production, but also with population, land and capital.Through the analysis of the key stage of the rapid development of urbanization, it shows that the construction of urbanization is not perfect in quality.In the process of urbanization, the rate of occupying cultivated land by construction land is much faster than that of accepting the labor force lost in rural areas. During the process of urbanization, a large number of high-quality cultivated land in rural areas, especially in the suburbs of cities, has been changed into construction land.The development of regional urbanization is obviously unbalanced in planning and layout, the process of urbanization has the problem of extensive development, the productivity of agricultural land is low, the efficiency of resource utilization is low, the investment and management of infrastructure planning is very unscientific, and the farmers have no idea of urbanization.On the other hand, the impact of urbanization has made farmers take a wait-and-see attitude towards agricultural extension, and quite a number of farmers have misunderstandings about urbanization and the way of future agricultural development. The aging of rural labor force is serious.The efficiency of conventional agricultural extension work is low, the uncertain factors and even risks in agricultural production and management activities can not be effectively solved, and the traditional consciousness of production and management makes farmers dare not invest in agricultural scientific and technological achievements.As a result, the agricultural extension work is slow or even stagnant, the gap between urban and rural areas is large, and it shows a trend of continuous expansion and so on.The urbanization process of Liangzhou district takes the government guidance as the main line and the land circulation as the focus. The urbanization process objectively expands the market of agricultural and livestock products and is the driving force of farmers' active demand for agricultural extension.At the same time, the urbanization also makes the rural land circulation, the agricultural resources economical utilization, the agricultural science and technology popularizes the scale application to become the reality.Urbanization also released a large number of rural youth labor, to meet the production and management of large and medium-sized agricultural enterprises labor demand.Through the analysis and induction of the practical problems existing in the rural development and the factors restricting agricultural extension, combined with the development practice of Liangzhou District of Wuwei City, the author sums up the positive and negative experiences of urbanization and modern agricultural extension work.Referring to the beneficial experience of agricultural extension in the process of urbanization at home and abroad, and aiming at the factors that affect and restrict the effect of agricultural extension in Liangzhou District of Wuwei City, the paper puts forward the technical requirements of accurately positioning agricultural extension in rural work.To cultivate the initiative of agricultural scientific research and extension departments, the policy formulation must adapt to the change of agricultural extension audience, widely adopt the participatory training and extension mode, and further unify the cost of various resources and the ability to resist risks in agricultural production and management.To cultivate and strengthen intermediary organizations, to guide the government to support funds, to strengthen the contingent of agricultural extension talents, to improve farmers' agricultural scientific and technological literacy, to explore an integrated model for the construction of extension work, and to lead by demonstration sites.This paper discusses the countermeasures and suggestions for the development of agricultural extension in Liangzhou District from the aspects of increasing farmers' enthusiasm for accepting modern agricultural high and new technology, promoting land circulation and promoting agricultural science and technology application.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.3

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