本文選題：富裕縣　切入點(diǎn)：土地生態(tài)安全　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土地提供了使人類得以生活的物質(zhì)和能量基礎(chǔ),隨著機(jī)械化迅猛發(fā)展和科技的進(jìn)步,人類對(duì)土地的開發(fā)和利用程度愈演愈烈,經(jīng)濟(jì)得到增長的同時(shí),土地生態(tài)環(huán)境受到嚴(yán)重威脅。造成了諸如水土流失、土地污染、土地荒漠化等生態(tài)問題。在這種情況下,土地生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)成為了各國學(xué)者研究的熱點(diǎn)。隨著研究的日益深入,評(píng)價(jià)方法、評(píng)價(jià)模型一直在增加,但是土地生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)是一個(gè)相對(duì)復(fù)雜的過程,目前有關(guān)土地生態(tài)安全的評(píng)價(jià)仍處于不斷探索、完善的階段,指標(biāo)體系的建立與評(píng)價(jià)仍然是研究的一個(gè)難點(diǎn),需要進(jìn)一步的探索和研究。本文根據(jù)《齊齊哈爾社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》、《富裕縣統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》、《富�？h土地利用總體規(guī)劃》等數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)其自然環(huán)境、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境、土地利用現(xiàn)狀等問題展開了一系列的分析和研究,依照“P-S-R”模型構(gòu)建了具有富�？h特色的指標(biāo)體系,采用熵值法確定權(quán)重,選取綜合指數(shù)法對(duì)2003-2012年時(shí)間序列內(nèi)富�？h土地生態(tài)安全狀況進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析,并且提出了增強(qiáng)生態(tài)安全建設(shè)的詳細(xì)措施。研究結(jié)果表明:近十年來,富�？h生態(tài)安全總體呈上升趨勢且上升幅度很大,說明富�？h生態(tài)安全狀況得到了很大的改善。其中2003年-2007年,生態(tài)安全值一直處于惡劣的狀態(tài),且這五年變化的幅度很小,是因?yàn)闉榱俗非蠼?jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,大量的使用了化肥、農(nóng)藥、地膜,建設(shè)用地?cái)U(kuò)張、水土流失治理力度小等;而2008年-2012年土地生態(tài)安全有了較為顯著的改善,這離不開環(huán)保投資的加大、第一產(chǎn)業(yè)向第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械現(xiàn)代化程度的提高,這些行為減輕了人類活動(dòng)對(duì)土地的壓力。最后提出了確保耕地面積,加強(qiáng)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè),優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),加大植樹造林力度,防止土地退化,加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)政策的宣傳等利于富�？h可持續(xù)發(fā)展的建議。
[Abstract]:Land provides a material and energy basis for human life. With the rapid development of mechanization and the progress of science and technology, human exploitation and utilization of land is becoming more and more intense, while the economy is growing.The ecological environment of land is seriously threatened.Caused such ecological problems as soil erosion, land pollution, land desertification and so on.In this case, the evaluation of land ecological security has become a hot spot of research by scholars all over the world.With the deepening of the research, evaluation methods and evaluation models have been increasing, but the evaluation of land ecological security is a relatively complex process. At present, the evaluation of land ecological security is still in the stage of continuous exploration and improvement.The establishment and evaluation of the index system is still a difficult point in the research, and needs further exploration and research.Based on the data of Qiqihar Social and Economic Statistics Yearbook, Fuyu County Statistical Yearbook and Fuyu County Land use General Plan, this paper analyzes the natural environment, social and economic environment of Qiqihar County.The present situation of land use has been analyzed and studied. According to the "P-S-R" model, the index system with the characteristics of Fuyu County has been constructed, and the weight has been determined by entropy method.The comprehensive index method was selected to evaluate the land ecological security of Fuyu County in the time series of 2003-2012. The evaluation results were analyzed and the detailed measures to enhance the ecological security construction were put forward.The results show that the ecological security of Fuyu County has been on the rise in the past ten years, which indicates that the ecological security situation of Fuyu County has been greatly improved.From 2003 to 2007, the value of ecological security has been in a bad state, and the change in these five years is very small, because in order to pursue economic development, a large number of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, mulching, construction land expansion,The soil and water loss control is small, and the land ecological security has been improved significantly from 2008 to 2012, which can not be separated from the increase of environmental protection investment, the transformation of the primary industry to the tertiary industry, and the improvement of the degree of modernization of agricultural machinery.These actions reduce the pressure of human activity on the land.Finally, some suggestions are put forward, such as ensuring cultivated land area, strengthening basic farmland construction, optimizing industrial structure, increasing afforestation, preventing land degradation, strengthening the propaganda of environmental protection policy, and so on, which are beneficial to the sustainable development of Fuyu County.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F323.211

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本文編號(hào)：1707083