本文選題：農(nóng)戶(hù)福利　切入點(diǎn)：收入差距　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前,農(nóng)村人口占我國(guó)人口總數(shù)的一半以上,“三農(nóng)問(wèn)題”仍然是關(guān)系我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)全局的一個(gè)根本性問(wèn)題。農(nóng)民作為社會(huì)中一個(gè)龐大的弱勢(shì)群體,其所享受到的福利水平較低。提高農(nóng)戶(hù)福利水平是我國(guó)新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的終極目標(biāo),也是衡量我國(guó)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的一把標(biāo)尺。農(nóng)戶(hù)福利受到多種因素的影響,收入差距和社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是不可忽視的兩個(gè)方面。我國(guó)農(nóng)村地區(qū)收入水平嚴(yán)重不均是一個(gè)難以否認(rèn)的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題,我國(guó)社會(huì)正處于一個(gè)急劇變化的轉(zhuǎn)型期,這期間農(nóng)戶(hù)的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)農(nóng)戶(hù)福利的影響也不容小覷。本文首先介紹了研究的整體框架和研究思路,根據(jù)研究目的定義了社會(huì)資本、收入差距的概念和相應(yīng)指標(biāo)的測(cè)度方法,根據(jù)阿瑪?shù)賮喩目尚心芰Ψ椒?gòu)建了衡量農(nóng)戶(hù)個(gè)體福利水平的指標(biāo)體系,然后以2015年對(duì)陜西南部地區(qū)的586份調(diào)查問(wèn)卷為基礎(chǔ),采用有序Probit模型實(shí)證分析社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、收入差距及二者的交互作用對(duì)農(nóng)戶(hù)福利的影響并探討三者之間相互的作用機(jī)制,最后對(duì)回歸模型的內(nèi)生性、穩(wěn)健性等進(jìn)行了檢驗(yàn)分析,保證了模型回歸結(jié)果的可靠性。根據(jù)實(shí)證研究結(jié)果,本文得出以下主要研究結(jié)論:(1)陜南地區(qū)農(nóng)村居民的收入差距整體較大。在樣本村莊中,18個(gè)村莊的GINI系數(shù)介于0.3到0.4之間,占樣本總數(shù)的33.3%,9個(gè)村莊的GINI系數(shù)高于國(guó)際通用警戒值0.4,約占樣本村莊總數(shù)的16.7%。(2)陜南地區(qū)農(nóng)戶(hù)家庭福利水平不高,近半數(shù)的受訪農(nóng)戶(hù)認(rèn)為其家庭福利水平處于中等以下水平,這一現(xiàn)象與陜南地區(qū)的地理位置、自然環(huán)境、交通、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等整體情況有關(guān),該地區(qū)的農(nóng)村居民生活狀況有待進(jìn)一步提高。(3)收入差距對(duì)農(nóng)戶(hù)的福利存在負(fù)向影響。本文用村莊層面的基尼系數(shù)表征的收入差距變量,此外還用將村內(nèi)居民收入從小到大排序后,第90百分位數(shù)村民的收入與第10百分位數(shù)村民收入的比值(P90/P10)替代村莊GINI系數(shù)對(duì)自變量與因變量的關(guān)系做穩(wěn)健性檢驗(yàn),控制變量加入模型后,估計(jì)結(jié)果穩(wěn)健。(4)社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)農(nóng)戶(hù)福利存在正向影響,而且能夠緩解收入差距給農(nóng)戶(hù)帶來(lái)的負(fù)面效應(yīng)。一方面,社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)使農(nóng)通過(guò)與親友的交往獲得情感方面的支持和陪伴,給農(nóng)戶(hù)帶來(lái)心理滿(mǎn)足感。另一方面,社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠?qū)⒉煌A層、社會(huì)背景的人連結(jié)起來(lái),實(shí)現(xiàn)信息和資源的交換與共享,增加農(nóng)戶(hù)的就業(yè)、投資等機(jī)會(huì),從而提高農(nóng)民的收入和福利。另外,當(dāng)農(nóng)戶(hù)家庭面臨危機(jī)時(shí),社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠?yàn)檗r(nóng)戶(hù)提供一定幫助,從而提高其福利水平。最后,本文根據(jù)研究結(jié)論提出了相應(yīng)的政策建議。
[Abstract]:At present, the rural population accounts for more than half of the total population of our country. The "three issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers" is still a fundamental problem related to the overall situation of China's economic construction. Raising the welfare level of farmers is the ultimate goal of the construction of new countryside in our country, and it is also a yardstick to measure the process of modernization of our country. The welfare of farmers is affected by many factors. Income gap and social network are two aspects that can not be ignored. The serious inequality of income in rural areas in China is an undeniable realistic problem, and our society is in a period of rapid transformation. During this period, the influence of farmers' social network on farmers' welfare is not to be underestimated. Firstly, this paper introduces the overall framework and research ideas of the research, defines the concept of social capital, income gap and the measurement method of corresponding indicators according to the purpose of the research. According to Armatyassen's feasible ability method, this paper constructs an index system to measure the individual welfare level of farmers, and then, based on the 586 questionnaires collected in the southern part of Shaanxi province in 2015, uses the ordered Probit model to analyze the social network empirically. The influence of income gap and their interaction on farmers' welfare is discussed. Finally, the endogeneity and robustness of regression model are tested and analyzed. According to the results of empirical research, the following main conclusions are drawn: (1) the income gap of rural residents in southern Shaanxi is large. In the sample villages, the GINI coefficient of 18 villages is between 0. 3 and 0. 4. The GINI coefficient of 9 villages is higher than the international general warning value of 0.4, accounting for 16.70.72% of the total sample villages.) the level of family welfare in southern Shaanxi is not high, and nearly half of the households surveyed believe that their family welfare level is below the average level. This phenomenon is related to the geographical location, natural environment, transportation, economy, culture and other overall conditions in southern Shaanxi. The living conditions of rural residents in this area need to be further improved. (3) the income gap has a negative impact on the welfare of farmers. This paper uses the Gini coefficient at the village level to represent the income gap variable. In addition, the ratio of the income of the 90th percentile to that of the 10th percentile is used to substitute the village GINI coefficient for the robustness test of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable after ranking the income of the village residents from small to large, and the ratio of the income of the 90th percentile to that of the 10th percentile. After the control variable is added to the model, the estimated results are robust. 4) the social network has a positive impact on farmers' welfare, and it can alleviate the negative effects of income gap on farmers. On the one hand, Social networks enable farmers to get emotional support and companionship through contact with relatives and friends, and bring psychological satisfaction to farmers. On the other hand, social networks can connect people from different classes and social backgrounds. To realize the exchange and sharing of information and resources, to increase the employment, investment and other opportunities of farmers, so as to improve the income and welfare of farmers. In addition, when farmers' families are facing a crisis, social networks can provide some help for farmers. In order to improve its welfare level. Finally, this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations according to the conclusions of the study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F323.8

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