本文關鍵詞： 貧困脆弱性 貧困 最低生活保障制度 傾向得分匹配　出處：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：貧困是制約社會發(fā)展的重要問題,長期受到政府及社會各界的廣泛關注。隨著"精準扶貧"政策的深入開展,我國貧困人口數(shù)量逐年減少,但貧困人口更加分散,扶貧的焦點正由貧困地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)向貧困人群。這意味著面向家庭和個人的扶貧政策將成為我國扶貧工作的重要工具。在全國范圍內(nèi)建立的最低生活保障制度(簡稱"低保")是我國面向家庭和個人的公共轉(zhuǎn)移支付體系中的重要組成部分,現(xiàn)已逐步完善發(fā)展成為我國城鄉(xiāng)扶貧政策中的重要支柱。以往對于低保等公共轉(zhuǎn)移支付項目對貧困影響的研究總是集中在其對當前消費/收入貧困的影響方面,鮮有學者采取前瞻性的視角,研究低保對將來可能發(fā)生的貧困的影響。因此,本文引入貧困脆弱性這一前瞻性概念,研究最低生活保障制度在長期意義上的減貧效果。我國城鄉(xiāng)家庭貧困脆弱性的現(xiàn)狀如何?最低生活保障制度對我國城鄉(xiāng)家庭貧困脆弱性有何影響?這些問題將是本文探討的重點。本文基于中國健康與養(yǎng)老追蹤調(diào)查(CHARLS)家庭數(shù)據(jù),首先利用三階段可行廣義最小二乘法(FGLS)測度家庭貧困脆弱性,在此基礎上運用傾向得分匹配法(PSM)實證檢驗了最低生活保障制度對城鄉(xiāng)家庭貧困脆弱性的影響。文章共包括五部分:第一章為緒論,主要介紹本文的研究背景與研究意義,明確本文的研究內(nèi)容與研究目標,并分析本文的研究創(chuàng)新與不足。第二章為文獻綜述,梳理了國內(nèi)外關于貧困脆弱性問題與公共轉(zhuǎn)移支付減貧問題的相關文獻,為本文研究打下理論基礎。第三章為研究方法設計,詳細介紹了本文研究所使用的貧困脆弱性測度方法以及傾向得分匹配法。第四章為實證部分:首先,整理中國健康與養(yǎng)老追蹤調(diào)查的問卷,對所選變量進行描述性統(tǒng)計;其次,基于篩選出的樣本數(shù)據(jù)測度城鄉(xiāng)家庭貧困脆弱性,并進一步分析影響貧困脆弱性的家庭層面因素;再次,采用傾向得分匹配法實證檢驗最低生活保障制度對城鄉(xiāng)家庭貧困脆弱性的影響;最后,基于最低生活保障制度的特點及現(xiàn)有的研究結(jié)果,對實證結(jié)果產(chǎn)生的原因進行分析。第五章為結(jié)論及政策建議,在得出實證分析結(jié)論的基礎上,針對我國家庭貧困脆弱性問題提出相應的政策建議。本文研究結(jié)果表明:我國貧困脆弱性問題不容小覷,且城鄉(xiāng)家庭脆弱性程度差距較大,農(nóng)村家庭的貧困脆弱性程度更高;家庭人力資本、物質(zhì)資本及金融資產(chǎn)均會對家庭貧困脆弱性產(chǎn)生一定影響;城市低保對于城市家庭貧困脆弱性影響甚微,農(nóng)村低保對農(nóng)村家庭貧困脆弱性雖有一定的緩解作用,但降低農(nóng)村家庭貧困脆弱性的效果并不明顯;由于最低生活保障政策瞄準偏誤、低保受益者自選擇問題以及低保救助形式的局限性,最低生活保障制度緩解城鄉(xiāng)家庭貧困脆弱性的效果不甚理想,甚至可能起到正向推動作用。
[Abstract]:Poverty is an important problem that restricts the social development, which has been widely concerned by the government and all walks of life for a long time. With the development of the policy of "precision poverty alleviation", the number of poor population in our country has been decreasing year by year. But the poor are more dispersed. The focus of poverty alleviation is shifting from poor areas to poor people. This means that poverty alleviation policies for families and individuals will become an important tool for poverty alleviation in our country. "minimum living allowance" is an important part of the public transfer payment system for families and individuals in China. It has gradually developed into an important pillar of our country's urban and rural poverty alleviation policy. In the past, the research on the impact of public transfer payment projects such as minimum living standard on poverty has always focused on its impact on current consumption / income poverty. Few scholars use a forward-looking perspective to study the impact of minimum security on future poverty. Therefore, this paper introduces the forward-looking concept of poverty vulnerability. This paper studies the effect of minimum living security system on poverty reduction in the long run. What is the present situation of poverty vulnerability of urban and rural families in China? What is the impact of the minimum living security system on the vulnerability of urban and rural families to poverty? These questions will be the focus of this paper. This paper is based on the CHARLS-based Chinese Health and Old-age tracking Survey (CHARLS). First, we use the three-stage feasible generalized least squares method (FGLS) to measure the vulnerability of families to poverty. On this basis, using the tendency score matching method to test the impact of the minimum living security system on the vulnerability of urban and rural families poverty. The article consists of five parts: the first chapter is the introduction. It mainly introduces the research background and significance of this paper, clarifies the research content and research goal, and analyzes the innovation and deficiency of this paper. The second chapter is the literature review. Combing the domestic and foreign literature on poverty vulnerability and poverty reduction of public transfer payments, this paper lays a theoretical foundation for the study. Chapter three is the design of research methods. This paper introduces the poverty vulnerability measurement method and the tendency score matching method in detail. Chapter 4th is the empirical part: first of all, the questionnaire of China Health and Old-age tracking Survey is arranged. Descriptive statistics of selected variables; Secondly, based on the selected sample data, the poverty vulnerability of urban and rural households is measured, and the factors affecting poverty vulnerability are further analyzed. Thirdly, the tendency score matching method is used to test the impact of the minimum living security system on the vulnerability of urban and rural families to poverty. Finally, based on the characteristics of the minimum living security system and the existing research results, the causes of the empirical results are analyzed. Chapter 5th is the conclusion and policy recommendations, on the basis of the conclusions of the empirical analysis. The research results show that the vulnerability of poverty in China should not be underestimated, and the gap between urban and rural family vulnerability is large. Rural households are more vulnerable to poverty; Family human capital, material capital and financial assets will have a certain impact on the vulnerability of household poverty; The urban minimum living standard has little effect on the vulnerability of urban household poverty. Although the rural minimum living standard has a certain alleviating effect on the rural household poverty vulnerability, the effect of reducing the rural household poverty vulnerability is not obvious. Due to the mistargeting of the minimum living security policy, the problem of self-selection of beneficiaries and the limitations of the form of minimum living security, the effect of the minimum living security system to alleviate the vulnerability of poverty in urban and rural families is not satisfactory. It may even play a positive role.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F323.8

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