本文關(guān)鍵詞： 農(nóng)民收入 收入結(jié)構(gòu) 收入波動 對策建議　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：二十世紀七十年代末,我國農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟體制改革逐步帶動了農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化,隨之而來的是農(nóng)民收入成果多樣化以及收入的增長。七十年代末到八十年代初,從青州市農(nóng)村發(fā)展可見一斑,農(nóng)民收入以家庭經(jīng)營收入為主,年均增長15.6%。然而在1985年之后,由于農(nóng)村制度變革對農(nóng)民收入的影響減弱,農(nóng)民家庭經(jīng)營性收入增長放緩,導致農(nóng)民收入增長速度減慢,出現(xiàn)波動;90年代后,隨著鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)的興起,農(nóng)民進入企業(yè)打工機會增多,非農(nóng)收入增長較快,逐漸成為農(nóng)民增收的重要推動力。到1997年,青州市農(nóng)民的工資性收入首次超過家庭經(jīng)營收入,成為農(nóng)民收入的主要來源。由于城市第二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展,農(nóng)村剩余勞動力向城市轉(zhuǎn)移不斷加快,再加上國家對“三農(nóng)”的支持力度不斷加大,農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移收入以及財產(chǎn)收入的增長初見眉端并穩(wěn)步發(fā)展,也對農(nóng)民收入增長做出了必要貢獻。近年來,以青州市農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)為例,工資性收入為48.7%,家庭經(jīng)營收入則占41.2%,其余為轉(zhuǎn)移性收入和財產(chǎn)收入,可以看出,現(xiàn)代農(nóng)民收入來源已經(jīng)發(fā)生了實質(zhì)的改變。隨著農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和國家對農(nóng)村扶持政策的不斷演進,農(nóng)民收入問題在“三農(nóng)”問題中的重要性日益凸顯,體現(xiàn)在農(nóng)民收入增長的不均衡導致農(nóng)民增收來源的改變,而且農(nóng)民收入問題更加復雜。這不僅會影響農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和制度改革,而且關(guān)系到整個社會的和諧穩(wěn)定大局。從這一方面可以看出,研究農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)這一課題既是農(nóng)民收入增長和收入多元化的迫切要求,更重要的是它可以反映出整個社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的變動規(guī)律。另一方面,農(nóng)民收入水平直接影響農(nóng)村消費需求的廣度和深度,進而會對整個國民經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要的影響。因此研究青州市農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)變動規(guī)律有利于進一步揭示農(nóng)民收入的波動規(guī)律,從而減少收入波動,促進農(nóng)民收入穩(wěn)定增長和青州市經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)發(fā)展。因此研究青州市農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)問題具有很強的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。改革開放后國民經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)發(fā)展帶動農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,農(nóng)民收入水平獲得提高,青州市農(nóng)民收入水平在增長幅度、增長速度和收入來源等方面也在發(fā)生了巨大變化。1978到2011年間,青州市農(nóng)民收入經(jīng)歷了增長、放緩、反彈、走低、恢復的過程,這既能體現(xiàn)整體經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,又能反映出農(nóng)民收入增長過程中存在的問題。從時間范圍劃分,青州市農(nóng)民收入構(gòu)成經(jīng)歷了二十世紀七十年代末到八十年代初、八十年代初到九十年代初以及九十年代至今三個發(fā)展變化過程;從收入構(gòu)成角度看,青州市農(nóng)民收入經(jīng)歷了以家庭經(jīng)營收入為主到以工資收入為主、轉(zhuǎn)移性收入和財產(chǎn)收入穩(wěn)定增長的過程�？偠灾�,自改革開放以來農(nóng)民收入有了大幅度增長,農(nóng)民收入各組成部分的貢獻率不斷提高。根據(jù)改革開放以來青州市農(nóng)民收入變化分析,結(jié)合我國各個經(jīng)濟發(fā)展階段農(nóng)村社會發(fā)展狀況,可以將青州市農(nóng)民增收過程中存在的問題歸納為:第一,農(nóng)民收入增幅小、增速緩;第二,農(nóng)民收入水平低;第三,城鄉(xiāng)收入差距大;第四,務農(nóng)不富。存在這些問題主要是因為制度變遷的影響、城市化進程的影響和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變遷的影響。為了進一步改善收入結(jié)構(gòu),提高農(nóng)民收入,必須制定有針對性的增收長效機制:首先,應該繼續(xù)促進家庭經(jīng)營收入增長。隨著剩余勞動力向城市轉(zhuǎn)移,農(nóng)村閑置土地應該通過有序引導流轉(zhuǎn)起來,形成規(guī)�；r(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn);在產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)上,以市場為導向,引導農(nóng)民調(diào)整農(nóng)牧產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu);在財政上,優(yōu)化財政農(nóng)業(yè)支出結(jié)構(gòu),建立健全的財政監(jiān)督機制;在教育上,加大農(nóng)村教育投入力度,提升農(nóng)民整體素質(zhì);在信息上,提高農(nóng)村信息化程度,促進現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展。其次,應穩(wěn)步提高農(nóng)民工資性收入。在宏觀層面,國家應出臺相關(guān)政策保證經(jīng)濟增長;在中觀層面,各地應千方設(shè)法轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟增長方式,拓寬農(nóng)民增收途徑;在微觀層面,地方政府應提高農(nóng)民素質(zhì),解決農(nóng)民就業(yè)。再次,進一步提高農(nóng)民財產(chǎn)收入和轉(zhuǎn)移性收入。在土地確權(quán)制度方面加大改革力度,賦予農(nóng)民“三權(quán)”“三證”;在農(nóng)村金融制度上,為農(nóng)民和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)提供及時、有效的金融服務,促進農(nóng)民財產(chǎn)性收入穩(wěn)步增長;在農(nóng)業(yè)補貼制度上,應優(yōu)化和改善補貼政策,加大惠農(nóng)補貼力度。
[Abstract]:At the end of 1970s, China's rural economic reform gradually led to the optimization of rural production structure, with farmers' income is the result diversification and income growth. At the end of 70s to early 80s, remarkable from rural development in Qingzhou City, the income of the farmers in the family business income, the average annual growth rate of 15.6%. in 1985, due to the rural system reform on the influence of peasants' income decreased, the family business income growth slowed, resulting in the increase of farmers' income rate fluctuations; after 90s, with the rise of township enterprises, farmers into the enterprise work opportunities, non-agricultural income growth, has gradually become an important driving force of farmers' income. In 1997, Qingzhou City, the wage income of farmers more than the family operating income for the first time, become the main source of income for farmers. The second, third industrial city The rapid development of the rural surplus labor transfer to the city continues to accelerate, plus the state support for the "three rural" continues to increase, the transfer of rural income and property income growth at the tip of the brow and steady development, has also made the necessary contribution to the growth of farmers' income. In recent years, the farmers' income structure in Qingzhou city as an example the wage income of 48.7%, household business income accounted for 41.2%, the rest of the transfer income and property income, we can see that the Modern Peasants' income has undergone substantial changes. With the development of the rural economy development and the state of rural policy, the income of the farmers in the importance of "three rural issues" has become increasingly prominent that is reflected in the growth of farmers' income imbalance caused the change of farmers' income sources, and the problem of farmers' income is more complicated. This will not only affect the rural economic development and system reform Leather, but also related to the harmony and stability of the whole society. From this one can see that the research on Farmers' income structure this subject is an urgent requirement to farmers' income growth and income diversification, the more important is that it can reflect the change of the social economic development. On the other hand, the income level of farmers directly affect the breadth and the depth of the rural consumption demand, which will have an important impact on the development of the entire national economy. So the research of Qingzhou farmers' income structure changes is conducive to further reveal the fluctuation of the income of the farmers, so as to reduce the volatility of income, to promote the sustainable development of the steady growth of farmers' income and economy in Qingzhou city. So the study on the problem of peasants' income structure in Qingzhou the city has a strong theoretical and practical significance. After the reform and opening up the sustainable development of the national economy to promote rural economic development, farmer income level Improve the income of farmers in Qingzhou city in the aspects of growth, growth and income sources are changed from.1978 to 2011 years, the income of the farmers in Qingzhou city has experienced growth, slow rebound, low recovery process, which can reflect the overall economic development, but also reflects the existence of farmers' income in the growth process of the problem. From the time division, the farmers' income in Qingzhou which experienced at the end of 1970s to early 80s, early 80s to early 90s and since 90s three the development process; from the perspective of income, the income of the farmers in Qingzhou city has experienced a family business income to wage income, transfer income the steady growth of income and property. In short, since the reform and opening up the peasants' income has greatly increased farmers' income of each part The contribution rate increase. According to the analysis of farmers' income in Qingzhou city since the reform and opening up, with the development of rural society in every developing stage of economy in China, the Qingzhou city farmers problems in the process are as follows: first, farmer income growth, slow growth; second, the low income level of farmers; third, urban and rural income the gap is big; fourth, farmers are not rich. These problems are mainly because of the impact of institutional change, affecting the development of city and the industrial structure changes. In order to further improve the revenue structure, improve the income of the farmers, must formulate the long-term mechanism of income: first of all, should continue to promote family business income growth with the surplus. Labor force transfer to the city of idle land in rural areas should be guided through the orderly transfer, the formation of large-scale agricultural production; in the product structure, market oriented, guide Farmers to adjust agricultural product structure; in finance, optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure for agriculture, the establishment of a sound financial supervision mechanism; in education, enlarge the rural education investment, improve the overall quality of farmers; in information, improve the rural informatization level, promote the modernization of agricultural industry development. Secondly, we should steadily increase farmer income. At the macro level, the state should introduce relevant policies to ensure economic growth; at the meso level, the country should be to try to change the mode of economic growth, broaden the way to increase the income of farmers; at the micro level, the local government should improve the quality of farmers and farmers to solve the employment. Thirdly, to further improve the farmers' property income and transfer income in the land reform. The right system, giving farmers the "three rights" "three certificates"; in the rural financial system, to provide farmers and township enterprises timely and effective financial services, promoting farmers The property income is steadily increasing; in the agricultural subsidy system, the subsidy policy should be optimized and improved, and the subsidies for the farmers should be increased.

【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.8

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 葛曉鱗;郭海昕;;影響農(nóng)村消費的收入結(jié)構(gòu)效應分析[J];湖南大學學報(自然科學版);2010年06期

2 李喜梅;趙雙喜;郭善民;;河南省農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)及其對消費的影響分析[J];江西農(nóng)業(yè)學報;2010年09期

3 林秀梅,劉玉玲,何英凱;我國農(nóng)民收入結(jié)構(gòu)及收入增長狀況分析[J];稅務與經(jīng)濟(長春稅務學院學報);2002年06期

，

本文編號：1460166