本文關(guān)鍵詞：黑龍江省大型灌區(qū)水價(jià)制定方法及管理模式探討　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 水價(jià)制度 灌溉用水 灌區(qū)管理 水資源

【摘要】：水資源是我們無(wú)法缺少的自然資源,但目前在整個(gè)世界之內(nèi),水資源缺失所造成的危機(jī)已成為21世紀(jì)全球資源環(huán)境所面臨的主要難題。水資源短缺所造成的難題已經(jīng)已經(jīng)開始對(duì)人類社會(huì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展造成比較重要的影響,真真正正的威脅到了人類的生命安全。因此,在進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的同時(shí),我們也要注重水資源的保護(hù)和節(jié)約用水,合理使用水資源,使水資源的使用符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略要求。當(dāng)前我國(guó)水資源供需矛盾日益嚴(yán)重,水資源危機(jī)已經(jīng)對(duì)社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展造成了一定的影響,而隨著21世紀(jì)后人口爆炸式的增長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)更加快速的發(fā)展,社會(huì)的需水量逐步加大,而按照目前的發(fā)展形勢(shì),勢(shì)必會(huì)造成水資源的供給量和水的質(zhì)量滿足不了社會(huì)需求,使水資源的危機(jī)從我們生活的各個(gè)方面影響到我們。由于國(guó)情制約,我國(guó)內(nèi)陸湖泊和河流污染嚴(yán)重,再加上可利用水資源總量嚴(yán)重不足,其中農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水所占比例就達(dá)到了百分之七十五,而且許多灌區(qū)灌溉設(shè)施老化非常嚴(yán)重,輸水渠道漏水嚴(yán)重,灌區(qū)管理不善,大部分農(nóng)民節(jié)水意識(shí)不強(qiáng),導(dǎo)致很多用水并沒有應(yīng)用到農(nóng)田灌溉之上,而且長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),我國(guó)一直沒有一個(gè)完整的農(nóng)業(yè)水價(jià)制定機(jī)理,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)用水的水價(jià)構(gòu)成不完整,水價(jià)水平一直較低,進(jìn)一步造成了水資源危機(jī)的加劇,使水短缺和水浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象并存,但這也從側(cè)面反映了我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)用水具有很大的節(jié)水潛力。黑龍江省地處東北,降雨稀少,水資源短缺,人均水資源量不足全國(guó)人均水平,隨著全省經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,水資源危機(jī)已經(jīng)日益嚴(yán)重。黑龍江省是國(guó)家產(chǎn)量大省,是重要的商品糧基地,全省共有8千多處大中小型灌區(qū),灌區(qū)糧食產(chǎn)量占到全省的40%。如果灌區(qū)糧食產(chǎn)量受到水資源影響而降低,勢(shì)必會(huì)影響到全省乃至全國(guó)的糧食安全,造成不可估量的損失。研究制定一個(gè)正確的水價(jià)機(jī)制,合理確立出水價(jià)的制定價(jià)格,深化農(nóng)業(yè)用水的改革,整理灌區(qū)管理模式,已經(jīng)成為黑龍江省灌區(qū)發(fā)展和改革的的一項(xiàng)重要研究課題。論文先回顧了解了國(guó)內(nèi)外水價(jià)發(fā)展過(guò)程及以后可能的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),分析了目前我國(guó)水價(jià)的現(xiàn)狀和產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題,對(duì)灌區(qū)水價(jià)形成機(jī)理進(jìn)行了探討,了解了水資源價(jià)格構(gòu)成的方法、原則和影響因子。灌區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)水價(jià)的合理制定要以科學(xué)核算為基石,本文以完全成本法為基礎(chǔ)評(píng)價(jià)分析工具,通過(guò)分析黑龍江省農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水的特性和水價(jià)特點(diǎn)及影響價(jià)格的因素,將水資源豐缺程度,水資源利用效率,水資源開發(fā)條件和承受能力等因素引入水價(jià)的制定過(guò)程,使制定出來(lái)的價(jià)格更加貼合實(shí)際,易于使用。針對(duì)灌區(qū)在運(yùn)行管理中出現(xiàn)的一系列問(wèn)題,在不拿出大量資金進(jìn)行改造的前提下進(jìn)行調(diào)整規(guī)劃,以便適應(yīng)水資源價(jià)格的變化,努力節(jié)約水資源的使用量,提高農(nóng)業(yè)用水的使用效率,在保護(hù)水資源的同時(shí),做到增產(chǎn)增收,提高農(nóng)民收入,使灌區(qū)管理更有意義。
[Abstract]:We do not lack of water resources is the natural resources, but in the whole world, the lack of water resources caused by the crisis has become a major problem facing the global resource environment in twenty-first Century. The problem caused by the shortage of water resources has already caused important influence on human society and economic development, the true threat to the safety of human life. Therefore, in the construction of economic modernization at the same time, we should also pay attention to the protection of water resources and water conservation, rational use of water resources, make use of water resources strategy for the sustainable development. The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in China is becoming increasingly serious, affect the water resources crisis has on the sustainable development of the society, with the development of population explosion and economic more quickly after twenty-first Century, the social demand gradually increased, and in accordance with the current The development of the situation, the quality is bound to cause the water supply and the water can not meet the needs of society, the water resource crisis we from affect every aspect of our lives. Because the national condition is restricted, inland lake and river pollution in China is serious, coupled with the use of water resources shortage, the agricultural irrigation water the proportion reached seventy-five percent, and many of the irrigation facilities aging is very serious, serious water channel Water Leakage, irrigation management, the majority of farmers' water saving consciousness is not strong, resulting in a lot of water and should not be used for irrigation, and a long time, China has not a complete agricultural water pricing mechanism, resulting in agricultural water the price is not complete, the price level has been low, resulting in further deterioration of water resource, water shortage and water waste coexist, but it also From the reflection of China's agricultural water saving potential is great. Heilongjiang province is located in the northeast, scarce rainfall, water shortages, less than the national average per capita water resources, with the province's rapid economic development, water resources crisis has become increasingly serious. Heilongjiang province is a national production big province, is an important commodity grain base. The province's total of more than 8 thousand small and medium-sized irrigation area, irrigation district yield accounted for the province's grain yield by 40%. if irrigation water resources decreased, it is bound to affect the province and the national food security, causing immeasurable losses. To study and formulate a correct pricing mechanism, establish a reasonable water pricing price reform the deepening of agricultural water management, organize irrigation area, has become an important research topic in Heilongjiang province development and reform. The paper first reviews the internal and external price The possible development trend of development process and after the analysis of the present situation of water price in China and the cause of the problem, the water price formation mechanism was discussed, understanding of the methods of water resources price structure, principle and influencing factors. To make reasonable scientific accounting as the cornerstone of agricultural water price of irrigation District, based on the full cost method based on Evaluation and analysis tools, through the analysis of agricultural irrigation water in Heilongjiang Province, the characteristics and water characteristics and factors affecting prices, water resources abundance, the utilization efficiency of water resources, water resources development conditions and affordability and other factors into the price setting process, make out the price of more practical, easy to use for. A series of problems in the operation and management of irrigation area, adjust the planning in the premise of not take out a lot of money to reform, in order to adapt to changes in the price of water resource, to We should economize on the amount of water resources and improve the efficiency of agricultural water use, protect water resources, increase production and income and raise farmers' income, which will make irrigation district management more meaningful.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S274;F323.213;F726

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 王田;;黑龍江:國(guó)家可靠的大糧倉(cāng)[J];黑龍江糧食;2013年01期

2 連維強(qiáng),姜海波;位山灌區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水實(shí)踐與探索[J];中國(guó)水利;2004年11期

，

本文編號(hào)：1424947