本文關(guān)鍵詞：甘谷縣土地資源承載力及其動態(tài)變化研究　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 土地資源 土地資源承載力 糧食生產(chǎn) 地域差異 糧食需求 甘谷縣

【摘要】：近年來隨著城市化和城鎮(zhèn)化的快速推進(jìn),人口的增加,如何更有效更科學(xué)地配置土地資源、提高土地生產(chǎn)能力、增強土地資源承載力的研究具有重要的意義.本文以位于甘肅東部的甘谷縣為研究區(qū)域,在前人土地資源承載力研究的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)甘谷縣耕地、糧食生產(chǎn)能力、人口等情況,通過單位面積糧食產(chǎn)量來判斷各地區(qū)的糧食生產(chǎn)能力.基于人口和糧食生產(chǎn)之間的關(guān)系,構(gòu)造土地資源承載力模型(LCC)與土地資源承載力指數(shù)模型(LCCI),系統(tǒng)分析了甘谷縣2003—2012年之間土地資源承載力的變化,分別從甘谷縣全縣、三個區(qū)域(渭河川道區(qū)、北山地區(qū)、南山地區(qū))和各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的空間尺度評價了各區(qū)土地資源承載力,研究了2003-2012年甘谷縣土地資源承載力變化及未來發(fā)展趨勢.主要取得如下研究結(jié)果：2003-2012年間甘谷縣土地資源承載力指數(shù)從1.938下降到1.391,人口超載數(shù)從287430人下降到178341人,土地資源承載力逐步增強,從人口嚴(yán)重超載變?yōu)槿丝谶^載,人口與糧食的矛盾得到了緩解,但甘谷縣的土地資源承載力仍處于糧食短缺、人口超載的狀態(tài),人的口糧基本需要與糧食生產(chǎn)之間的矛盾十分突出,2012年仍超載17萬人,且各區(qū)域、各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)土地資源承載力地域差異較大,糧食需求將繼續(xù)依靠糧食貿(mào)易的現(xiàn)狀沒有改變,并且短期內(nèi)不會有改變。甘谷縣土地資源承載力指數(shù)與土地生產(chǎn)能力具有類似的發(fā)展趨勢,土地資源承載力的增強主要取決于土地生產(chǎn)能力的提升。2012年比2003年甘谷縣人口增加了40949人,糧食畝產(chǎn)從160.2公斤/畝增加到250.36公斤/畝,雖然全縣耕地面積減少了7803.53畝,但通過土地平整和梯田建設(shè),生產(chǎn)條件較好的平地面積增加了104849.77畝,致使糧食增產(chǎn)60015.12噸,土地資源承載力指數(shù)下降到1.39.這些數(shù)據(jù)說明近10年間通過耕種條件的改善和種植結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,甘谷縣土地生產(chǎn)能力得到了加強,土地資源承載力也得到了增強,可以預(yù)見甘谷縣土地資源承載力指數(shù)將繼續(xù)呈現(xiàn)震蕩中緩慢走低的趨勢。甘谷縣土地資源承載力區(qū)域差異顯著。渭河川道區(qū)土地生產(chǎn)能力最強,土地資源承載力指數(shù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高出全縣和其他地區(qū),土地資源承載力最為脆弱,造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因是人口眾多和耕地稀少。從2012年度的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的分析可以看出,渭河川道區(qū)擁有全縣24.14%的耕地,生產(chǎn)了27.88%的糧食,卻要供養(yǎng)全縣53.29%的人口,土地資源承載力指數(shù)高達(dá)3.59,人口嚴(yán)重超載；北山地區(qū)土地資源承載力指數(shù)是全縣最低的,北山地區(qū)各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)糧食生產(chǎn)能力相對穩(wěn)定,耕地眾多,是甘谷縣主要的糧食生產(chǎn)區(qū),從2012年度相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)可以看出,北山地區(qū)的耕地占全縣耕地面積的66.72%,生產(chǎn)了全縣64.11%的糧食,但人口只占全縣人口的38.52%,土地資源承載力指數(shù)為0.82,呈現(xiàn)糧食盈余狀態(tài)；南山地區(qū)土地資源承載力指數(shù)呈現(xiàn)先高后低的趨勢,從2007年起己低于全縣土地資源承載力指數(shù)值,從土地生產(chǎn)能力的研究可以看出南山地區(qū)的土地生產(chǎn)能力是在穩(wěn)步的加強,從2012年的數(shù)據(jù)來看,南山地區(qū)9.14%的耕地,生產(chǎn)了8%的糧食,供養(yǎng)著全縣8.2%的人口,土地資源承載力指數(shù)為1.48,呈現(xiàn)人口過載狀態(tài)。增強甘谷縣土地資源承載力首先是有效地保護(hù)好現(xiàn)有耕地,通過實施土地綜合整治、水土保護(hù)等項目,以質(zhì)量補數(shù)量,以增加優(yōu)質(zhì)耕地的數(shù)量來應(yīng)對耕地稀少這個現(xiàn)實；其次是加強農(nóng)田水利設(shè)施的建設(shè),增加有效灌溉農(nóng)田面積,減少干旱對糧食生產(chǎn)的影；再次就是積極推廣旱作農(nóng)業(yè),選擇抗旱性好產(chǎn)量高的作物種植,使糧食產(chǎn)量穩(wěn)步提升.通過這些手段來提高土地生產(chǎn)能力,達(dá)到糧食增產(chǎn)的目的,從而增強土地資源承載力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of city and urbanization, the increase of population, how to more effective and more scientific allocation of land resources, improve the production capacity of the land, it is significant to strengthen the research on land resources carrying capacity. This paper is located in eastern Gansu Gangu County as the study area, based on the previous research on the bearing capacity of land resources according to the Gangu County, cultivated land, grain production capacity, population, the grain yield per unit area to determine the regional grain production capacity. The relationship between population and grain production based on the bearing capacity of construction land resources (LCC) and the land carrying capacity index model (LCCI), analyzed the changes between from 2003 to 2012 in Gangu county land resources carrying capacity, respectively, from Gangu County, three regions (Weihe plain area, Beishan area, Nanshan District) and the township spatial scale evaluation of the district The bearing capacity of land resources, the land resources in Gangu county during 2003-2012 stress change and the future development trend of bearing. The main results were as follows: 2003-2012 years, Gangu county land resources carrying capacity index decreased from 1.938 to 1.391, the number of population overload decreased from 287430 to 178341, gradually increase the carrying capacity of land resources, the serious overloading population as population overload, the contradiction between population and food has been eased, but Gangu county land resources carrying capacity is still in the food shortage, population overload, people's basic needs of food production rations and contradiction between the very prominent, in 2012 still overloaded 170 thousand, and the area of the township, the bearing capacity of land resources, regional differences large, food demand will continue to rely on the status quo of food trade has not changed, and the short term will not change. The Gangu county land resource bearing capacity index and soil production The force has a similar trend, land resources carrying capacity enhancement mainly depends on the production capacity of the land to raise.2012 years than the population of Gangu County in 2003 increased by 40949, grain yield from 160.2 kg / mu increased to 250.36 kg / mu, although a decrease of 7803.53 mu of arable land throughout the county, but the land leveling and terrace construction. Flat area better production conditions increased by 104849.77 mu, the grain yield of 60015.12 tons, down to 1.39. to improve these data show that nearly 10 years by farming conditions carrying capacity of land resources and the adjustment of planting structure, Gangu county land production capacity has been strengthened, the bearing capacity of land resources has been enhanced, land resources can be predicted Gangu county bearing capacity index will continue to show a concussion in the slow down trend. The bearing capacity of land resources in Gangu county. The regional difference of land in Weihe plain area Production capacity of the strongest, land carrying capacity index is much higher than the county and other areas, land resources carrying capacity of the most vulnerable, this is caused by a large population and scarce land. From the analysis of the relevant data of the year 2012 can be seen, Weihe Sichuan Road area has 24.14% of the county's cultivated land, the production of the 27.88% food. He had to support 53.29% of the county's population, land resources carrying capacity index is as high as 3.59, serious overloading population; land resources in Beishan area carrying capacity index is the lowest in the county, the grain production capacity of the township Beishan area is relatively stable, the cultivated land is numerous, Gangu county is the main grain production area, from the year 2012 related data can be seen in the land area of the total arable land 66.72%, 64.11% of the county's grain production, but the population accounted for only 38.52% of the county's population, land resources carrying capacity index was 0.82, showed a surplus of grain More than the state of land resources; Nanshan area carrying capacity index showed a trend from high to low, from 2007 onwards has been lower than the county land resources carrying capacity index, from the research of the production capacity of the land can be seen in Nanshan area of land production capacity has been steadily strengthened, from the 2012 data, Nanshan District 9.14% of the cultivated land production 8% of the food, to support the county's 8.2% population, land carrying capacity index was 1.48, showed a population overload state. Enhancement of land resources in Gangu county is the first bearing capacity effectively protect the existing cultivated land, through the implementation of land remediation, soil and water conservation projects, the number of up to the quality, to increase the number of high quality cultivated land to deal with the reality of the scarcity of arable land; the second is to strengthen the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities, increase the effective irrigation area, reduce drought on food production; again is to actively promote the drought For agriculture, we should choose crops with good drought resistance and high yield, so as to increase grain production steadily. Through these means, we can improve land productivity and achieve the goal of increasing grain production, so as to enhance the carrying capacity of land resources.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F321.1

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