本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國(guó)設(shè)施西紅柿生產(chǎn)成本收益研究　出處：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：我國(guó)是世界上最大的蔬菜生產(chǎn)國(guó)和消費(fèi)國(guó)。多年來,我國(guó)蔬菜生產(chǎn)持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展,與此同時(shí)設(shè)施蔬菜也得到大力發(fā)展,西紅柿是我們?nèi)粘Ｊ秤米疃嗟氖卟酥?近年來經(jīng)濟(jì)效益得到顯著增加。但從質(zhì)量和規(guī)模上能與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相較的很少,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)中的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力較弱,而且近年來發(fā)現(xiàn),有些地區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,出現(xiàn)投資大、效益差的現(xiàn)象,對(duì)比近年來全國(guó)設(shè)施西紅柿與露地蔬菜的成本利潤(rùn)率,發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)施西紅柿利潤(rùn)率雖高于露地西紅柿利潤(rùn)率,但成本收益率卻大大低于露地西紅柿的成本收益率,生產(chǎn)者為獲得利潤(rùn)付出的代價(jià)過大,成本費(fèi)用控制的并不是很好,而且對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn),在一些省份出現(xiàn)棚型結(jié)構(gòu)貪大求洋、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量相對(duì)較低的情況。所以根據(jù)當(dāng)前設(shè)施西紅柿的生產(chǎn)情況,分析設(shè)施西紅柿生產(chǎn)過程中農(nóng)業(yè)資源要素的利用效率,找到整個(gè)行業(yè)的問題所在,探討我國(guó)設(shè)施西紅柿合理控制成本,提高效率的途徑,是緩解當(dāng)前設(shè)施蔬菜市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)的問題,提高設(shè)施蔬菜生產(chǎn)效率,對(duì)生產(chǎn)者增產(chǎn)增收,有著重大的意義。本文首先介紹了當(dāng)前設(shè)施西紅柿發(fā)展的大背景,又根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)、設(shè)施蔬菜、設(shè)施西紅柿基于成本收益的研究分別進(jìn)行了綜述,其次對(duì)影響設(shè)施西紅柿生產(chǎn)成本的因素進(jìn)行了分析,針對(duì)設(shè)施西紅柿的可控因素包括直接物質(zhì)費(fèi)用投入、間接投入、人工投入、土地租金投入對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)出的相關(guān)性作出合理解釋,從第三章開始,分析了我國(guó)設(shè)施西紅柿生產(chǎn)的投入產(chǎn)出近幾年來的基本情況以及變化趨勢(shì),再與露地西紅柿從成本利潤(rùn)率、成本投入、凈利潤(rùn)方面進(jìn)行了比較分析,從整體各個(gè)方面對(duì)設(shè)施西紅柿投入產(chǎn)出進(jìn)行了解釋。最后采用C-D生產(chǎn)函數(shù)對(duì)全國(guó)范圍具有代表性的22個(gè)省份近三年來的成本收益與產(chǎn)出進(jìn)行分析,測(cè)算了各個(gè)省份不同年份各項(xiàng)成本投入的邊際效益,同時(shí)分析了我國(guó)設(shè)施西紅柿生產(chǎn)率的提高途徑,有針對(duì)性地提出促進(jìn)我國(guó)設(shè)施西紅柿生產(chǎn)及產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的對(duì)策和建議。本文主要結(jié)論:1.物質(zhì)服務(wù)費(fèi)和人工費(fèi)是設(shè)施西紅柿總成本的主要構(gòu)成要素,在物質(zhì)服務(wù)費(fèi)用中,農(nóng)膜和化肥占比重很大,所以為了減少設(shè)施西紅柿的總成本,就要合理控制農(nóng)膜和化肥的使用效率,同時(shí),也要注意到,近年來人工成本急速上升,對(duì)人力的合理利用也是控制成本的有效辦法。2.設(shè)施西紅柿生產(chǎn)的每畝總成本要高于露地西紅柿生產(chǎn)總成本,同時(shí),設(shè)施西紅柿的每畝利潤(rùn)率高于露地西紅柿每畝利潤(rùn)率,但是研究發(fā)現(xiàn),設(shè)施西紅柿的每畝成本利潤(rùn)率低于露地西紅柿平均每畝成本利潤(rùn)率,說明設(shè)施西紅柿,要獲得高的凈利潤(rùn),付出的成本過高。3.利用C-D對(duì)近幾年來設(shè)施西紅柿成本收益進(jìn)行縱向分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)土地租金投入相較于各種投入邊際效益最高,而直接物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)成本、人工成本、間接成本的邊際效益都小于1,間接成本的邊際效益更是為負(fù)數(shù),說明從全國(guó)來看,加大生產(chǎn)成本、人工成本、間接成本的投入對(duì)設(shè)施蔬菜的產(chǎn)出影響不大,基本不會(huì)造成正效益。4.利用C-D對(duì)各個(gè)省份設(shè)施西紅柿成本收益進(jìn)行橫向分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)土地租金投入不足是全國(guó)現(xiàn)象,增加收益最有效的辦法就是努力提高土地的投資收益率,同時(shí)對(duì)各個(gè)省份的直接生產(chǎn)物質(zhì)投入進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)北京、山西、遼寧等地直接生產(chǎn)物質(zhì)投入指標(biāo)均有較多的冗余量,冗余比例最高的是肥料費(fèi)用5.根據(jù)具體問題提出合理建議:因地制宜,適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大種植規(guī)模;改善管理,增加產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)收益;推廣技術(shù),促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步;合理配置,提高產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)效率;政策引導(dǎo),建立長(zhǎng)期有效機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:China is the world's largest vegetable production and consumption country. Over the years, China's sustained and stable development of vegetable production, vegetable has been developing at the same time, tomato is our daily consumption of most vegetables in recent years, the economic benefits have been significantly increased. But little from the quality and scale can be compared with the developed countries, weak competitiveness of agricultural products in the international market, but in recent years, some areas appear unreasonable structure, big investment, poor efficiency of the phenomenon, compared to recent years, national facilities tomatoes and open field vegetables cost profit rate, profit rate is higher than that found in facilities tomatoes tomatoes profit margins, but the cost is significantly lower than the rate of return in tomatoes cost income rate, producer profit cost is too large, the cost control is not very good, but also found that in some provinces Shed type structure of the greedy big ocean, the quality of the products is relatively low. So according to the current production facilities of tomatoes, analysis the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources facilities tomatoes in the production process of the whole industry, find the problem, to explore China's Tomato facilities reasonable cost control, improve the efficiency of the channel is to ease the current facilities the vegetable market, improve the production efficiency of vegetable, producers to increase production, is of great significance. This paper first introduces the background of the current facilities tomato development, according to the domestic and foreign scholars to the agricultural facilities, facilities vegetables, tomato research facilities based on cost benefit are reviewed, then analyzes the factors the facility tomato production cost, the controllable factors including direct material costs tomato facilities investment, indirect investment, artificial investment The land rent input correlation on agricultural output to make reasonable explanations, from the beginning of the third chapter, analyzes the trends and input-output facilities tomatoes production in China's basic situation in recent years, with the field of tomatoes from the cost profit rate, cost, net profit is compared, from the overall aspects the interpretation of the facilities. The input and output of tomatoes in 22 provinces of C-D production function representative of the nationwide cost income and output in recent three years were analyzed, calculated the marginal benefit of various provinces in different years the cost of investment, and analyses the facilities tomato productivity in China to improve the way put forward to promote our facilities tomato production and industry development of countermeasures and suggestions. The main conclusions of this paper: 1. service fee and fee is assembly facilities tomatoes The main elements in the material, service fees, and large proportion of agricultural fertilizer, so in order to reduce the total cost of facilities of tomatoes, use efficiency, it is reasonable to control agricultural and fertilizer at the same time, it should also be noted that in recent years the rapid rise in labor costs, reasonable utilization of human resources are also control the total cost per mu the effective way of.2. facilities tomato production costs than the total cost, in tomato production facilities at the same time, tomato profit rate is higher than in tomatoes per acre per mu profit rate, but the study found that the cost per mu profit rate is lower than in tomatoes tomatoes facilities per acre cost margins, explanation facility tomatoes, to obtain high net profit, pay the high cost of.3. by C-D in the last few years the cost of facility cultured tomato for longitudinal analysis found that income, land rent input compared to the marginal investment The highest efficiency, while the direct material cost, labor cost and marginal benefit of indirect costs are less than 1, the marginal benefit of indirect costs is more negative, from the national perspective, increase the production cost, labor cost, indirect cost input to output the shadow vegetable ring little, basically does not cause a positive benefit of.4. by C-D horizontal analysis of each province tomatoes cost income found inadequate facilities, land rent is the phenomenon of increased investment, the most effective way to improve the land income is the rate of return on investment, while direct production of material for each province investment analysis, found in Beijing, Shanxi, Liaoning and other places of direct material input production indexes were more redundancy, redundancy is the highest proportion of fertilizer costs 5. according to the specific problems and propose reasonable suggestions: according to local conditions, appropriate to expand the scale of planting; improve management, increase production The production income, the promotion of technology, the promotion of the progress of industrial technology, the rational allocation, the improvement of the industrial technology efficiency, the policy guidance, and the establishment of a long-term effective mechanism.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F326.13

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