本文關鍵詞：農民幸福感提升視角下我國農地制度創(chuàng)新研究　出處：《河南師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 農民幸福感 農地制度 經濟收入 創(chuàng)新

【摘要】：在建設社會主義新農村的背景下,農民開始追求多層次的幸福,農民依據(jù)自己的生活標準和自我實現(xiàn)程度作為評判自己的幸福指數(shù)。幸福感作為衡量社會和諧發(fā)展的一個重要指標,是我國在新常態(tài)下發(fā)展過程中所要達到的重要目標。我國正處于社會轉型期,在社會發(fā)展過程中不免會出現(xiàn)生產方式不合理,收入分配不均,貧富差距擴大等諸多問題,對于不同的群體都產生了重要的影響,包括農民。影響農民幸福指數(shù)的因素有很多,諸如,經濟收入、社會保障、生活環(huán)境、文化適應、身心健康與人際關系、子女教育與良好的發(fā)展前景等,其中經濟收入起著決定性的作用。在農村,土地是農業(yè)生產中重要的也是最基本的生產資料,也是人類社會賴以生存和發(fā)展的重要物質基礎,被認為是“財富之母”,在一定的制度保障下承載著滿足農民就業(yè)、保障社會生產進行、為農民提供收入等重要社會功能。農地制度是農村生產力進步、經濟發(fā)展的重要運行載體,是農業(yè)資源得到優(yōu)化配置的基本中介。農地制度的合理化制定關乎每個農民家庭的幸福歸屬。自建國以來,我國農民收入每一時段的增減、幸福感的變化都與農地制度的變革密不可分。在新中國成立后到社會主義改造時期,廢除了封建剝削的地主階級土地所有制,實行農民土地所有制,使農民做了土地的主人,農民生產積極性空前高漲,幸福感和歸屬感倍增,但這一制度也逐漸出現(xiàn)了諸多問題;社會主義改造完成到改革開放前,農村土地制度實行的是土地等重要生產資料歸集體所有,統(tǒng)一經營。這一時期農民的收入增長較為緩慢,生活水平沒有顯著提高,幸福感水平也較低;改革開放以來,實行了家庭聯(lián)產承包責任制,這一時期糧食產量達到了歷史最高值,農民收益顯著提高,農民幸福指數(shù)達到另一個高度。但隨著市場經濟的發(fā)展,家庭聯(lián)產承包責任制逐漸呈現(xiàn)出一定的缺陷:農村土地產權結構不明確,農村土地使用權流轉不暢,市場化程度較低,農民增收困難,農民土地被征用后權益無法得到完全保障等,使農民幸福感日趨衰退。所以,現(xiàn)行的家庭聯(lián)產承包責任制不可能是我國農地制度的最后歸宿,合理化創(chuàng)新農地制度勢在必行。
[Abstract]:In the context of building a new socialist countryside, farmers began to pursue multiple levels of happiness, the farmers according to their standard of living and self realization degree as the evaluation of their own. The happiness index of well-being as an important indicator of the development of harmonious society, the development of our country is an important goal which should be achieved in the process of new normal under our country is in the period of social transition, in the process of social development will inevitably appear unreasonable mode of production, income inequality, many problems such as the widening gap between rich and poor, for different groups have a significant impact, including farmers. There are many factors affecting farmers' happiness index such as economic income, social security, living environment, cultural adaptation, interpersonal relationship and mental health, children's education and good development prospects, the economic income plays a decisive role in the rural areas, the land is agricultural production Important is the most basic means of production, is also an important material basis for the survival and development of human society, is regarded as the "mother of wealth", in a certain system security under the bearing meet the farmers' employment, social production, to provide income for farmers. An important social function of rural land system is the development of rural productivity. Run the important carrier of economic development, agricultural resources are the basic intermediary to optimize the allocation of rural land system. Reasonable formulation for each peasant family happiness attribution. Since the founding of new China, the income of farmers in our country every time change, change and well-being are inseparable. The reform of rural land system in the new period after the founding of the Chinese the socialist transformation, abolished the feudal landlord class exploitation of land ownership, the land ownership of peasant farmers, to do the masters of the land, farmers' production enthusiasm unprecedented High sense of happiness and a sense of belonging to multiply, but this system also has many problems; the completion of the socialist transformation of the reform and opening up, the implementation of the rural land system is an important means of production such as land belonging to the collective, unified management. Peasant's income growth is slow, living standards have not improved significantly, happiness the level is low; since the reform and opening up, the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, the period of grain yield reached the highest value, improve farmers' income, farmers' happiness index reached another height. But with the development of market economy, the household contract responsibility system gradually showing some defects: the structure of property rights in rural areas the land is not clear, rural land use right of the poor, the degree of market is low, difficult to increase farmers' income, farmers after the expropriation of land rights can not be fully guaranteed, so that the farmers Happiness is declining. Therefore, the current household contract responsibility system can not be the last destination of the rural land system in China, so it is imperative to rationalize and innovate the farmland system.

【學位授予單位】：河南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F321.1

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本文編號：1358746