本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于GIS和DEA方法的農(nóng)用地利用效率評(píng)價(jià)研究　出處：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ),影響到國(guó)家的長(zhǎng)治久安。我國(guó)是農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó),人均農(nóng)用地僅為0.47公頃,人均耕地面積不足世界平均水平的40%,并且農(nóng)用地資源日益短缺、質(zhì)量退化、農(nóng)地非農(nóng)化、農(nóng)地利用粗放、分布不均勻等問(wèn)題突出。找出區(qū)域農(nóng)用地利用中存在的矛盾,制定適宜的差異化發(fā)展政策,提高區(qū)域農(nóng)用地利用效率,將是保障我國(guó)糧食安全和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展的有效途徑。本文運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析法的C2R模型和BC2模型對(duì)陜西省各地級(jí)市農(nóng)用地投入產(chǎn)出效率進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究,研究各區(qū)域的橫向差異和縱向變化特征,結(jié)合投影分析,找出陜西省各地級(jí)市農(nóng)用地利用中存在的問(wèn)題,提出提高各地級(jí)市農(nóng)用地利用效率的差異化對(duì)策和建議,以期為各級(jí)政府及相關(guān)部門決策提供科學(xué)參考。通過(guò)研究分析,本文得出以下主要結(jié)論:(1)全省農(nóng)用地利用效率呈現(xiàn)“南高北低”的格局。陜南、關(guān)中、陜北地區(qū)農(nóng)用地綜合利用效率平均值分別為0.912、0.868和0.796。地級(jí)市中農(nóng)用地綜合利用效率值處于較高水平的為漢中和銅川,均為1;處于較低水平為榆林和渭南,分別為0.6554和0.4804。全省農(nóng)用地利用效率分布呈現(xiàn)以下特征:在全省范圍內(nèi),農(nóng)用地利用效率受自然氣候影響較大,利用效率與自然氣候帶的分布相似,溫暖濕潤(rùn)地區(qū)利用效率相對(duì)較高;在區(qū)域內(nèi)部,農(nóng)用地利用效率受經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、人為因素影響較大。(2)2008-2012年,陜西省農(nóng)用地的利用效率呈不斷上升的趨勢(shì)。全省農(nóng)用地利用效率提升了7.85%,其中陜北地區(qū)上升幅度最大,上升了13.81%,關(guān)中和陜南分別上升了3.12%和8.48%。這說(shuō)明隨著陜西經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的不斷提高,農(nóng)業(yè)投入要素也在不斷增加,資源配置更加合理,農(nóng)用地利用效率也就隨之提高。(3)全省范圍內(nèi),寶雞、渭南、延安、榆林、安康5個(gè)城市的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)投入量存在大量冗余。五個(gè)城市在耕地面積、農(nóng)林牧漁業(yè)從業(yè)人員、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械總動(dòng)力三方面的投入均存在明顯的冗余,而在產(chǎn)出方面存在少量不足。因此要提高這五個(gè)市農(nóng)用地利用效率,重點(diǎn)要從投入角度出發(fā),進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化資源配置。(4)提升全省農(nóng)用地利用效率,重點(diǎn)在于渭南和陜北。從農(nóng)用地綜合效率的分解效率來(lái)看,渭南的純技術(shù)效率過(guò)低是導(dǎo)致其綜合效率較低的主要原因,而陜北地區(qū)的綜合效率較低是由于其規(guī)模效率低引起的。(5)根據(jù)當(dāng)前陜西省土地利用出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題及DEA測(cè)算結(jié)果,本文提出四點(diǎn)建議以期提高陜西省農(nóng)用地的利用效率。對(duì)渭南市,推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣,提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的技術(shù)水平;對(duì)陜北地區(qū),合理分配資源,適度擴(kuò)大經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模,提高規(guī)模效率;轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式,提高農(nóng)業(yè)資源利用率;針對(duì)區(qū)域農(nóng)用地利用特點(diǎn),制定區(qū)域差異化政策。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy, which affects the long-term stability of the country. China is a large agricultural country, the per capita agricultural land is only 0.47 hectares, the per capita cultivated land area is less than 40% of the world average level. And agricultural land resources increasingly shortage, quality degradation, agricultural land conversion, extensive use of agricultural land, uneven distribution and other problems. Find out the contradictions in the use of regional agricultural land, formulate appropriate differentiated development policies. Improve the efficiency of regional agricultural land use. This paper uses the C2R model and BC2 model of data envelopment analysis to demonstrate the input-output efficiency of agricultural land in Shaanxi Province. Research. This paper studies the horizontal difference and longitudinal variation characteristics of different regions, and finds out the problems existing in the utilization of agricultural land in every prefectural city of Shaanxi Province by combining the projection analysis. In order to provide scientific reference for all levels of government and relevant departments to make decisions, the paper puts forward the differential countermeasures and suggestions to improve the efficiency of agricultural land use in various prefectural cities, and through research and analysis. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1) the utilization efficiency of agricultural land in the whole province presents the pattern of "high in the south and low in the north". The average value of the comprehensive utilization efficiency of agricultural land in southern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi is 0.912 respectively. 0.868 and 0.796. The efficiency of comprehensive utilization of agricultural land was at a higher level in Hanzhong and Tongchuan, both of which were 1; At a lower level Yulin and Weinan were 0.6554 and 0.4804.The distribution of agricultural land use efficiency showed the following characteristics: within the province. The utilization efficiency of agricultural land is influenced by natural climate, the distribution of utilization efficiency is similar to that of natural climate zone, and the utilization efficiency is relatively high in warm and humid areas. Within the region, the agricultural land use efficiency is affected by economic development and human factors. The utilization efficiency of agricultural land in Shaanxi Province is on the rise. The efficiency of agricultural land use in Shaanxi Province has been increased by 7.855.The area of northern Shaanxi has the largest increase, which has risen by 13.81%. Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi increased by 3.12% and 8.48 respectively, which shows that with the continuous improvement of the economic level of Shaanxi, agricultural input elements are also increasing, and the allocation of resources is more reasonable. The utilization efficiency of agricultural land also increased with it.) in the whole province, Baoji, Weinan, Yan'an, Yulin and Ankang cities had a large amount of redundant agricultural production input, and the five cities were in the cultivated land area. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industry employees, the total power of agricultural machinery in the three aspects of input are obviously redundant, but there are a small number of inadequacies in the output, so we should improve the efficiency of agricultural land use in these five cities. From the point of view of input, we should further optimize the allocation of resources. 4) improve the efficiency of agricultural land use in the whole province, with the emphasis on Weinan and northern Shaanxi. From the view of the decomposition efficiency of the comprehensive efficiency of agricultural land. The low pure technical efficiency of Weinan is the main reason for its low comprehensive efficiency. The low comprehensive efficiency of northern Shaanxi is due to its low scale efficiency.) based on the current problems of land use in Shaanxi Province and the results of DEA calculation. This paper puts forward four suggestions to improve the utilization efficiency of agricultural land in Shaanxi Province. To the north Shaanxi region, the reasonable allocation resources, the moderate expansion management scale, enhances the scale efficiency; Changing the mode of agricultural development and improving the utilization rate of agricultural resources; According to the characteristics of regional agricultural land use, regional differentiation policy is formulated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F301.2

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